Introduction: A handbook on territorial impact assessment (TIA)

Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) is a relatively ‘new kid on the block’ of policy evaluation. Resting upon the holistic notion of territory, which encompasses multiple analytic dimensions (economy, society, environment, governance, spatial planning), TIA is the most complex, yet with the policy evaluation procedure with the largest potential to assess projects, programmes and policies. Indeed, policy evaluation procedures are now deeply rooted in sub-national, national and transnational territorial development strategies and processes. However, unlike the plethora of published books on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and other Impact Assessment (IA) methodologies, presently no TIA handbook has been published by any major international publisher. As such, this one intends to add a substantial contribution to available literature by presenting to the interested reader the most relevant TIA methodologies that have been produced so far. Furthermore, all the chapters, written by the authors of each TIA methodology presented, provide a detailed, updated and scientifically accurate explanation of their particular purpose and methodological operation. In the end, the reader is presented with a complete set of TIA methodologies to select from based on their advantages/disadvantages for a particular case-study. For a better understanding of how all the presented TIA methodologies work, concrete examples are presented in each chapter.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The TARGET_TIA: A complete, flexible and sound territorial impact assessment tool

This chapter presents TARGET_TIA as a relevant and flexible Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) methodology. TARGET_TIA was created in a context where existing ESPON TIA tools were mainly designed for assessing ex ante territorial impacts of EU directives. Hence, in view of the need to properly assess the main ex post territorial impacts of EU Cohesion Policy in several countries in a relevant and sound way, the author decided to design, test and apply his own TIA methodology, named TARGET_TIA. When compared with other existing TIA methodologies, TARGET_TIA can be used both at ex ante and ex post policy evaluation phases. In addition, it brings to the table the possibility to use counterfactual evaluation elements to allow the production of credible and sound TIA evaluation scores. Following on from its implementation in assessing the main territorial impacts of EU policies and programmes, mostly at the ex post evaluation phase, it is possible to conclude that it is a credible, flexible, easy-to-operate, cost-effective and robust TIA methodology, which can be applied to projects, programmes and policies, at all territorial levels.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Reduction of JT8D powered aircraft noise by engine refanning

The technical feasibility is described of substantially reducing the noise levels of existing JT8D powered aircraft by retrofitting the existing fleet with quieter refan engines and new acoustically treated nacelles. No major technical problems exist that preclude the development and installation of refanned engines on aircraft currently powered by the JT8D engine. The refan concept is technically feasible and provides calculated noise reductions of from 7 to 8 EPNdb for the B727-200 aircraft and from 10 to 12 EPNdb for the DC-9-32 aircraft at the FAR Part 36 measuring stations. These noise levels are lower than both the FAR Part 36 noise standards and the noise levels of the wide-body DC-10-10. Corresponding reductions in the 90 EPNdb footprint area are estimated to vary from about 70 percent for the DC-9 to about 80 percent for the B727

The global development formula

Development remains a central concept for policy design and implementation aimed at improving the quality of life of the world population, despite a manifest rise in neoliberalist economic growth policy strategic guidance rationales. In accepting the relevance of development processes, this paper proposes a global development formula embracing four main pillars and their respective components: (i) global governance; (ii) global wealth; (iii) global resources; and (vi) global sustainability. Ultimately, this global development perspective presents a more comprehensive and holistic lens than current development visions to demonstrate the development status of territories at all territorial scales. By using existing indexes associated with the proposed main pillars of development, the research presents a novel global development index for 2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fake or real EU territorialicy? Debating the territorial universe of EU policies

This paper provides new insights into the main pillars of the territorial universe of EU policies, by undertaking a systematic overview of European Union (EU) key territorial development reports, agendas and programmes. These include the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), the three Territorial Agendas, and the European Territorial Observatory Network (ESPON) reports. The evidence shows widespread territorialicy, understood as a process of incorporating a territorial driven policy design, implementation and evaluation paradigm, still largely dominated by territorial development and territorial cohesion policy rationales. However, the socioeconomic policy prism continues to dominate the design and analysis of EU policies by EU entities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Deindustrialization and post-industrial cities in Iberia Peninsula

This article addresses the process of industrialization and deindustrialization in Iberia Peninsula from the early XX century to the dawn of the XXI century. Specifically, it focuses on the dynamic territorial processes which led to a general deindustrialization trend in many industrial Iberian strongholds, since the early 1970s. Furthermore, it explores one case-study (Barreiro city in Portugal), which was known as the first, and most important modern Portuguese industrial city, and which has suffered from a violent process of deindustrialization in the last couple of decades. In synthesis, this article builds on the Barreiro experience in adapting to a new panorama where the industrial landscape is no longer a prevalent one, and assesses the role of the national and EU policies in supporting these adaptation processes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The ages of globalization. Geography, technology, and institutions

When, in 2015, Jeffrey D. Sachs, published The Age of Sustainable Development, it seemed to me to be the culmination of a life's work of a renowned academic in providing a crucial contribution to build a sustainable development rationale. However, the publication of his latest book proves that, far from signalling the end of a brilliant academic career, this is yet another accomplishment in offering a comprehensive review of current global development challenges and a range of potential solutions to some of them. Sachs starts by defining globalization as ‘the interlinkages of diverse societies across large geographical areas. These interlinkages are technological, economic, institutional, cultural, and geopolitical’ (p. 23). While there has been considerable research attention dedicated to a better understanding of this concept, Sachs focuses his on the ‘complexities of globalization, including the powerful capacity of globalization to improve the human condition while bringing undoubted threats as well’ (p. 16). In essence, rather than providing a normative and descriptive treatment of the subject, Sachs uses the knowledge acquired during a lifetime to provide a useful global analysis and set of potential solutions. Ultimately, its main novelty is the author's classification proposal for seven distinct ages of globalization, even though he recognizes that humanity has always been globalized.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The territorial dimension of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

This paper explores potential points of intersection and complementarity between several human geography related policy goals and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At the same time, it identifies promising directions for delving more deeply into fundamental policy goals associated with spatial planning and territorial cohesion. Inspired by the advantages associated with the holistic and interdisciplinary approach of human geography, the paper proposes two additional SDGs for the 2030 Agenda to reinforce territorial cohesion and planning processes. It concludes that the identification of SDGs is excessively predicated on a prevailing conceptual triad (economy + society + environment). Thereby, it undercuts a common assumption that crucial human geography related policy arenas are not seen as essential pillars of sustainability processes. In particular, the research intends to fuel the clamour for more holistic approaches to sustainable development policies. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio