Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction oscillations during epitaxial growth of artificially layered films of (BaCuOx)m /(CaCuO2)n

Pulsed Laser Deposition in molecular-beam epitaxy environment (Laser-MBE) has been used to grow high quality BaCuOx/CaCuO2 superlattices. In situ Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) shows that the growth mechanism is 2-dimensional. Furthermore, weak but reproducible RHEED intensity oscillations have been monitored during the growth. Ex-situ x-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the growth rate deduced from RHEED oscillations. Such results demonstrate that RHEED oscillations can be used, even for (BaCuOx)2/(CaCuO2)2 superlattices, for phase locking of the growth.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Corresponding author: Dr. A. Tebano: [email protected]

Construcción de flujos de caja para evaluar proyectos de inversión internacionales

Contenido: 1. Introducción - 1.1 Objetivos - 1.2 Justificación - 1.3 Estructura - Apéndice 1.1: Ranking mundial de PBI - 2. Modelos de evaluación de inversiones - 2.1 Métodos - 2.1.1 Valor Actual Neto (VAN) - 2.1.2 Valor Actual Ajustado (VAA) - 2.2 Niveles de medición - 2.2.1 Rendimiento del capital total invertido - 2.2.2 Rendimiento del capital propio invertido - 2.3 Determinación del FC - 2.3.1 Método directo - 2.3.2 Método indirecto - 2.4 Características básicas del FC - 2.4.1 Inversión (Io) - 2.4.2 Percibidos - 2.4.3 Incrementales - 2.4.4 Costos de oportunidad - 2.4.5 Costos hundidos - 2.4.6 Impuestos (T) - 2.4.7 Inflación - Apéndice 2.1: Equivalencia entre el método directo y el indirecto - Apéndice 2.2: Fórmulas para determinar el FC - 3. Flujo de caja: Características específicas de un PII - 3.1 Niveles de medición - 3.1.1 Rendimiento del capital total invertido en el PII - 3.1.2 Rendimiento del capital propio - 3.1.3 Rendimiento para la E accionista del PII - 3.2 Flujo de caja relevantes - 3.2.1 Percibidos - 3.2.2 Incrementales - 3.2.3 Después de impuestos - 3.3 Complicaciones propias de un PII - 3.3.1 Perspectiva de análisis - 3.3.2 Inflación del país del PII - 3.3.3 FC en una moneda distinta a la que utiliza la empresa - 3.3.4 Tratamiento del impuesto a las ganancias - 3.3.5 Pagos no financieros - 3.3.6 Estímulos a la inversión en el país extranjero - 3.3.7 Restricciones al movimiento de fondos - 3.3.8 Financiamiento (Pagos financieros) - 3.3.9 Valor terminal (VT) o de liquidación del PII - 3.4 Suma de factores - 4. Método de evaluación para PII - 4.1 Criticas al VAN - 4.2 Valor Actual Ajustado (VAA) - 4.3 Aplicando VAA a un PII - 5. Variabilidad del FC - 5.1 Riesgo país - 5.2 Factores de riesgo - 5.3 Técnicas para evaluar el riesgo político - 5.4 Respuestas al riesgo político - 5.5 Expropiación - 5.6 Métodos para incorporar el riesgo en los PII - 5.7 Herramientas para evaluar riesgo - 5.7.1 Análisis de sensibilidad - 5.7.2 Análisis de escenarios - 5.7.3 Simulación Cuadro 6: Guía para la evaluación del riesgo político - Cuadro 7a: Cuantificación del riesgo político - Cuadro 7b: Cuantificación del riesgo político - 6. Caso de aplicación - 6.1 Descripción - 6.1.1 Inversión inicial - 6.1.2 Valor Terminal (VT) - 6.2 Financiamiento - 6.3 Situación impositiva y cambiaria - 6.4 Información de trabajo - 6.4.1 Tipo de cambio - 6.4.2 Demanda y precio - 6.4.3 Egresos - 6.5 Ingresos transferidos - 6.6 Precio de transferencia - 6.7 Evaluación del PII - 6.7.1 Rendimiento de la inversión total - 6.7.2 Rendimiento del capital propio - 6.7.3 Saldo de caja del período - 6.8 Evaluación del PII para la E [1] Inversión inicial - [2] FC operativo después de impuesto antes de deducir las depreciaciones - [3] FC perdidos por otras unidades - [4] VA del ahorro por depreciaciones - [5] Ahorro impositivo del costo de las deudas - [6] VA del endeudamiento subsidiado - [7] Valor terminal - [8] VA de los dividendos retenidos - [9] VA de los dividendos finalmente remitidos - [10] VA de los FC remitidos vía otros mecanismos - [11] VA de los FC obtenidos por abuso de normas - 6.9 Cálculo del VAA - 6.10 Resumen - Anexo I: Proyecciones: cuadros 6.2 y 6.3 - Anexo I: Proyecciones (cont.): cuadros 6.4 y 6.5 - Anexo I: Proyecciones (cont.): cuadro 6.6 - Anexo II: Derivación de la tasa de impuesto a pagar - A. Caso cuando hay doble imposición - B. Cuando no hay doble imposición - Determinación de tasas para comparar - Determinación del impuesto a pagar y del impuesto total - C. Resumen - Inclusión de otros componentes - Aclaración - D. Ejemplo numérico - E. Fórmulas - 7. Análisis de simulación - 7.1 Construcción del modelo de la simulación - 7.1.1 Construir modelo del proyecto - 7.1.2 Especificar la distribución de frecuencia o probabilidades - 7.1.3 Simular los resultados - 7.2 Análisis de los resultados - 7.2.1 Distribución de resultados - 7.2.2 Sensibilidad - 7.2.3 Dispersión - 7.3 Variables claves - 7.4 Resumen - Anexo I: Variables del modelo - Anexo II: Distribución de probabilidades - Anexo II: Distribución de probabilidades (cont.) - Anexo III: Grafico de sensibilidad - Anexo IV: Gráficos de dispersión - 8. Conclusiones - 8.1 Modelos de evaluación de PI - 8.2 Características propias del FC de un PII - 8.3 Modelo para evaluar PII - 8.4 Variabilidad del FC de un PII - 8.5 Palabras finales - Abreviaturas más usadas - BibliografíaLa construcción de flujos de caja (FC) es un proceso crucial en la evaluación de cualquier proyecto de inversión (PI). Los métodos más difundidos para evaluar inversiones utilizan el valor actual (VA) de los futuros FC y lo compara con la inversión inicial (Io). Estos métodos buscan identificar y seleccionar los PI que aumenten la riqueza para los accionistas o inversores. Cuando los proyectos son internacionales, es decir cuando las inversiones se realizan en un país que no es sede principal de la empresa (E), el proceso de evaluación es el mismo: se deben construir los FC correspondientes, calcular el VA, comparar con Io y elegir aquellos proyectos que aumenten la riqueza de los inversores. Sin embargo, en estos casos hay que tener en cuenta factores especiales que tornan la construcción de los FC en un proceso más complejo.Fil: Medaglia, A. Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

Kawasaki disease recurrence in the COVID-19 era: a systematic review of the literature

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis of unknown origin of small and medium caliber blood vessels, especially involving coronary arteries and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in childhood in developed countries. Although rarely, it can recur: most recurrences occur within 2 years of the initial episode. No data are available on incidence of recurrent KD in Europe and multiple recurrences are rarely seen. We reviewed the medical literature on Kawasaki disease recurrence and reported a new case of Kawasaki disease recurrence in a child with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We believe that in our case SARS Cov2 acted as a trigger capable to determine, in a genetically susceptible individual, a second recurrence of the disease. In the Covid-19 era we affirm the importance for Kawasaki disease to be tested for SARS Cov2 infection

Evidence of orbital reconstruction at interfaces in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films

Electronic properties of transition metal oxides at interfaces are influenced by strain, electric polarization and oxygen diffusion. Linear dichroism (LD) x-ray absorption, diffraction, transport and magnetization on thin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films, allow identification of a peculiar universal interface effect. We report the LD signature of preferential 3d-eg(3z2-r2) occupation at the interface, suppressing the double exchange mechanism. This surface orbital reconstruction is opposite of that favored by residual strain and independent of dipolar fields, chemical nature of the substrate and capping.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Water resource management through systemic approach: The case of Lake Bracciano

Today natural water resources are becoming scarce, both due to global climate change but also due to irresponsible behaviour of human beings. Lakes are among the most delicate aquatic systems due to their limited size. The objective of this paper is to propose a System Dynamics model, employed in a real case study regarding the city of Rome and one of its water reserves, the Bracciano Lake, for the evaluation of different strategies and policies to reduce environmental impacts, considering different climatic and context scenarios. The results indicate that, as the system is currently exposed to a high risk of ecological disaster, the situation might worsen, and the disaster effectively happen. Simulation models may help agencies and administrations to explore policies and find solutions to address this fundamental problem, that may become even worst over the next years, given the potential severe consequences deriving from the current global warming trends

Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir and doravirine dual therapy in the context of antiretroviral therapy switch: 48 weeks analysis.

Dual therapy in HIV represents an attractive opportunity for HIV infected people in virologic suppression Dual therapy regimens should achieve and maintain viral suppression and immunologic control while minimizing short and long term AEs, improve adherence and convenience and reduce drug drug interactions and costs To date, there are few clinical data to support a dual regimen with dolutegravir and doravirine 1 The individual efficacy of both doravirine and dolutegravir suggests that concomitant administration of these two molecules as part of an NRTI sparing regimen could be a viable option, although to date there are no studies in the HIV infected population The aim of our study is to investigate whether a dual therapy regimen containing dolutegravir and doravirine is effective and saf

Epitaxial superlattices of ionic conductor oxides

Pulsed Laser Deposition technique was used to engineer heterostructures of Yttrium-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Gadolinium-doped Ceria (GDC) on perovskite substrates like Neodymium Gallate (NGO) and Strontium Titanate (STO). Epitaxial superlattices of the same number of layers of both materials were deposited with each block thickness as thin as 2 unit cells up to 30 unit cells. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation of the (002) symmetrical reflection allowed to evaluate the amount of material deposited in each layer constituting the superlattices. (113) asymmetrical reflections were analyzed to investigate strain effects on YSZ and GDC lattice parameters, evidencing the cube on cube growth of these films. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature

Objectives: To describe clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, radiological data and outcome of pediatric cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by neurological involvement. Study design: A computerized search was conducted using PubMed. An article was considered eligible if it reported data on pediatric patient(s) with neurological involvement related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also described a case of an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a 5-year-old girl with SARS-CoV-2 infection: this case was also included in the systematic review. Results: Forty-four articles reporting 59 cases of neurological manifestations in pediatric patients were included in our review. Most (32/59) cases occurred in the course of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Neurological disorders secondary to cerebrovascular involvement were reported in 10 cases: 4 children with an ischemic stroke, 3 with intracerebral hemorrhage, 1 with a cerebral sinus venous thrombosis, 1 with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 with multiple diffuse microhemorrhages. Reversible splenial lesions were recognized in 9 cases, benign intracranial hypertension in 4 patients, meningoencephalitis in 4 cases, autoimmune encephalitis in 1 girl, cranial nerves impairment in 2 patients and transverse myelitis in 1 case. Five cases had Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and two, including ours, had ADEM. Radiological investigations were performed in almost all cases (45/60): the most recurrent radiological finding was a signal change in the splenium of the corpus callosum. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid was proved only in 2 cases. The outcome was favorable in almost all, except in 5 cases. Conclusions: Our research highlights the large range of neurological manifestations and their presumed pathogenic pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Nervous system involvement could be isolated, developing during COVID-19 or after its recovery, or arise in the context of a MIS-C. The most reported neurological manifestations are cerebrovascular accidents, reversible splenial lesions, GBS, benign intracranial hypertension, meningoencephalitis; ADEM is also a possible complication, as we observed in our patient. Further studies are required to investigate all the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their underlying pathogenic mechanism

Over-Ocean Validation of the Global Convective Diagnostic

The global convective diagnostic (GCD) is a bispectral (infrared and water vapor), day–night scheme for operationally mapping deep convection by means of geostationary satellite images. This article describes a test of GCD performance over tropical and subtropical waters near North America. The test consists of six cases, each involving a convective cloud complex. A seventh case treats convection over land. For each case, a map of deep convection was constructed from image pairs from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12). Case by case and for all maritime cases together, the GCD map was compared with a convective parameter derived from the radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), a polar-orbiting satellite. In general, each GCD map showed a bloblike feature. In each case, the radar convective pixels typically fell within the GCD blob. However, (except for the land case) the GCD predicted far too many convective pixels. In the maritime cases overprediction was reduced (without correspondingly impairing other measures of performance) by lowering the nominal GCD threshold. With this adjustment in place, for the six maritime cases taken individually, the GCD tended to yield more consistent results than did a monospectral (infrared) convective scheme. With the cases combined, at the lower threshold the GCD performed somewhat better than one of the more stable versions of the infrared scheme. Comparison with lightning events (also observed by TRMM) suggests the possibility of future improvement to the GCD through the incorporation of geostationary satellite observations of lightning