Industry and commerce in the Lower Cuyahoga Valley

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the lower part of the Cuyahoga Valley, an area known as the Flats, and describe the large concentration of industry and commerce found within the area. Attention is called to same of the problems of the past, the present, and a prognosis made of the area's future. The future of the lower Cuyahoga Valley is bright. The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 will increase Cleveland's overseas trade and probably attract new industries to the area . More important, it will allow large ore ships to bring the rich Labrador iron ore to the valley's steel mills. To insure that the valley and Cleveland get the maximum gain from these future developments, there is a need for intensified long-range planning. [TRUNCATED

Correspondence Between Teacher-Conducted Trial-Based Functional Analyses and Traditional Functional Analyses with High-School Aged Students

Severe problem behavior may interfere with the education of children as well as cause serious injury to person and property. This study examined the correspondence of results obtained from trial-based and standard functional analyses for identifying function of problem behavior with high-school aged students. This study also examined the feasibility of school personnel conducting trial-based functional analyses within the classroom environment with procedural integrity. School personnel conducted four trial-based functional analyses with three high-school aged students referred for problem behavior. One student had two topographies of problem behavior assessed. The trials were interspersed throughout the school day. Results of the trial-based functional analyses were compared with results from standard functional analyses conducted by trained graduate students to show correspondence, or lack thereof between assessment results. Two cases showed correspondence between the two assessments. Two participants showed partial correspondence, which was attributed to limited exposure to contingencies during the brief trials in the trial-based functional analyses as well as differences in the analysts’ opinion of function depicted by the data. These results indicate that a trial-based functional analysis may be a viable assessment tool when school personnel lack the resources needed to complete a standard functional analysis. Two teachers and a paraprofessional were able to conduct trial-based functional analyses with high procedural integrity. Future direction of trial-based assessment research is discussed

The current and potential contribution of home-grown vegetables to diets in South Africa

In this paper the current and potential utilisation of crops (bought and home produce) in diets in South Africa is reviewed. Available data shows that at all levels, national, household and individual, the amounts of fruits and vegetables available and consumed are about half the WHO (2003) recommendations of at least 400g per day. To counteract this, the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines promote fruit and vegetable consumption.The 1999 National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS), showed that in South Africa, nationally, 17% of the sample produced crops only, 9% produced crops and livestock and 8% produced livestock only. Median intakes of nutrients such as energy, vitamin A and calcium for children in rural households with crop and livestock production, although raised, were still below requirements. However, evaluation of an intervention which combined production of vitamin A rich crops in home gardens with nutrition education and growth monitoring, showed vitamin A intakes increased above required levels. Another possible approach is the promotion of the consumption of indigenous vegetables, which are rich sources of several micronutrients. The 1999 NFCS data showed that ten percent of the children in rural areas consumed wild leaves/spinach.In conclusion, the traditions of crop production and indigenous vegetable consumption can be built on, by the combined efforts of agriculturalists and nutritionists. The increased utilisation of indigenous crops in the South African diet would contribute to combating both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.Keywords: home gardens, home produce, crop production, indigenous vegetables, nutritio

Birth mass and neonatal mortality of lambs as level of nutrition of the ewe

No Abstrac

Protein and/or energy supplementation of lactating beef cows during the early summer period in northern Natal

No Abstrac

What factors determine the use of the nutrition information on the food label when female consumers from Pietermaritzburg select and purchase fat spreads?

Objectives: This study set out to determine the following in relation to the nutrition information on the food labels of selected fat spreads: the demographic profile of female consumers using the food label, reasons for food label use and whether the use of the food label leads to the purchase of the selected fat spreads.Methods: One hundred and fifty women aged 25 to 45 years were chosen using an accidental, non-probability sample of consumers shopping at selected supermarkets in Pietermaritzburg. Consenting subjects were presented with a questionnaire to determine their demographic characteristics as well as their reasons for purchasing the selected fat spreads. Descriptive statistics and principal component analyses were used to analyse the results of this study.Results: Fifty-five per cent (n = 82) of this study sample reported using the nutrition information label to assist with their purchases and 68% (n = 102) found the nutrition information important when purchasing a new product.Conclusions: The female consumer most likely to use the nutrition  information on the food label had a tertiary education; was a primary food purchaser; lived with other people; had more money per month to spend on food; and was conscious of choosing the healthier option. Principal component analysis revealed that the purchase of a selected fat spread was influenced by a number of variables reflecting health awareness, the selected fat spread’s marketing, presentation and popularity, and familiarity with and cost awareness of the selected fat spread

Cuba’s casas particulares: an analysis of informality, social capital, entrepreneurship and sustainability

As part of the growing tourism industry in Cuba, staying in a private person’s home as a tourist, in what is known as casas particulares, has become increasingly popular. This paper utilizes qualitative, short-term ethnographic methods to research casas particulares (also referred to as casas) and the conditions they operate under. Networks, social capital and collectivism play an important role in the running of casas. These are affected by the entrepreneurial climate, which is unique in Cuba. Likewise, informality is a key element in the running and development of casas. To this, we conclude that the informal economy fills the gaps where formalized resources are not available. Yet, these types of transactions and exchanges are not included in most government strategies. Further, in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), informality is seen as a transition-based development step. We urge governments to be more inclusive in their strategies and consider the opportunities informality can provide under certain circumstances

Effects of periodic manual stirring and uranium addition on surrogate plutonium glass processing

Using thorium as a plutonium surrogate, homogeneous glasses have been processed ranging from 15 to 20 elemental weight percent thorium with 0 to 5 elemental weight percent uranium. Homogeneous glasses have been processed at 1,475 C with residence times ranging from 1 to 12 hours. High ramp rates successfully inhibited thorium silicate formation. Residence times of 5 to 7 hours were required for static melts to become homogeneous for glasses containing 15 elemental weight percent thorium. Thorium dissolution rates have been determined for glasses containing 15 elemental weight percent thorium with and without the addition of uranium. When compared to identical glass compositions which were not stirred, stirred melts produced homogeneous vitreous products with an 80 percent reduction in residence time. A 20 elemental weight percent thorium glass was produced at 1,475 C by adding 2 elemental weight percent uranium. Without the addition of uranium, a melt temperature of 1,500 C was required

Homogeneous glass processing region defined for a lanthanide borosilicate glass composition for the mobilization of plutonium using thorium as a surrogate

A ternary diagram showing the homogeneous glass processing region of a base frit, rare earth oxide and thorium oxide has been developed for a residence temperature of 1475 C. Thorium oxide was used as a plutonium surrogate. All ThO2 glasses that were processed included a 1:1 mole ratio of Th to Gd. Gadolinium is added to the glass as a neutron absorber. Forty individual glass compositions were melted at 1475 C for 4 to 6 hours with periodic stirring. Two glasses (B-20-25 and B-25-25) were processed with a ThO2 loading of 25 weight percent (oxide) without amorphous phase separation or crystalline species detected by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) or Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These were processed with 55 weight percent frit, 20 weight percent rare earth oxides and 50 percent frit, 25 percent rare earth oxides. Crystalline species that formed outside of the homogeneous glass processing region due to solubility limits or insufficient processing temperature were identified. Amorphous phase separation was detected and examined by TEM at high ThO2 loadings (20 to 30 weight percent oxide). The base frit was able to dissolve up to 65 weight percent rare earth oxides when thorium oxide was not present. Durability testing will be performed on three glasses from three different regions of the homogeneous glass processing region. Product Consistency Test (PCT) results are pending and will be added to this document under a future revision

Standard-form contracts and exemption clauses for medical procedures in South Africa : a consumer's narrative

This dissertation considers the use of exemption clauses in standard form contracts within the medical profession. The need for research of this genre stems from the inherent disparate bargaining positions the parties to a medical contract tend to find themselves in. In this regard, the emerging trend is one of exploitation and abuse, whereby the patient is often prejudiced at the hands of the stronger contracting party (the medical professional or the hospital). The common law position tends to favour principles aligned with freedom of contract and sanctity of contract. This dissertation will, however, investigate the extent to which these principles can be harmonised within the new legislative framework of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 („CPA_). The CPA has established itself as the kairotic moment for consumers seeking asylum from the adverse effects of exemption clauses and other standard form clauses, buried beneath the guise of medical formalities. This dissertation departs from a number of fundamental cases as decided by our courts. From this premise, the interpretation and application of exemption clauses before the introduction of the CPA will be considered. Within this discussion, the notion of an exemption clause and their role in standard form contracts will be examined generally. Their role as it pertains to the medical profession will thereafter be explored. The trend which is then analysed is the abuse of power exercised by those wielding such clauses when contracting with patients, resultantly calling into question certain legal principles and doctrines (in particular, the principles and doctrines referred to include those which have persisted through our common law; those which have been handed down by our courts; as well as those premised in both ethics and statute). The influence of the CPA is then examined and in particular, the sections (that of section 22 and section 49 being of emphasis) which have a bearing on the use of exclusionary clauses in medical contracts. Thereafter, this dissertation will critically discuss whether or not the CPA has afforded greater protection to the medical consumer. Within this discussion, the medical consumer_s path to redress, and the relative institutions involved thereto, is examined and criticized. The institutions which form the subject of this analysis include those pre-existing within the medical profession, as well as those established by the CPA. Finally thereafter, this dissertation reaches its conclusion based on the research so conducted and offers recommendations as to how exemption clauses in standard form medical contracts can be harmonised within CPA_s dispensation. The research conducted herein illustrates that the use of exemption clauses in standard form medical contracts is contentious, yet is strikingly present in South African consumer law. The CPA has introduced a number of regulatory hurdles to protect the consumer from the use of these clauses in the contracting process. Although the Act_s formulation is tainted by a number of ambiguities which has potentially lessened its influence, it has nonetheless paved the way for a fairer (own emphasis) contractual model.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2018.Mercantile LawLLMUnrestricte