45 research outputs found
College Adjustment Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Students
Not all students make a successful transition to college, putting their degree completion at
risk. The gender minority stress model (Testa et al., 2015) posits that gender minority students
may especially struggle with the transition to college due to unique stressors, such as greater
violence and lower perceptions of safety. This study utilized seven semesters of data (Fall 2015-
Fall 2018) from the National College Health Assessment-IIc (NCHA-IIc; N=241,171) to examine
the relationship between gender and college adjustment (operationalized as emotional distress).
Mediation analysis explored if this relationship was influenced by the experiences of stressors. A
moderation model investigated the relationship between campus residency, emotional distress, and
stressors. Lastly, trends for emotional distress and stressors were examined for stability across
semesters. Results indicated transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) students experience
higher levels of emotional distress and stressors than their cisgender peers. Furthermore, although
living on campus provided a greater feeling of safety for all, TGNC students and cisgender women
who lived on campus reported higher levels of emotional distress. TGNC students reported high,
yet stable levels of emotional distress and stressors across semesters. A sensitivity analysis
examined the relationship between gender, emotional distress, and stressors by parceling TGNC
students by congruence between sex assigned at birth and current gender identity. This study
contributes to the field of college adjustment by addressing disparities of gender minorities and by
examining distinctions between TGNC students who experience congruence and those who are
not. Included are theoretical implications and recommendations for future research
The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: From enzymes to ecosystems
As global land surface temperature continues to rise and heatwave events increase in frequency, duration, and/or intensity, our key food and fuel cropping systems will likely face increased heat-related stress. A large volume of literature exists on exploring measured and modelled impacts of rising temperature on crop photosynthesis, from enzymatic responses within the leaf up to larger ecosystem-scale responses that reflect seasonal and interannual crop responses to heat. This review discusses (i) how crop photosynthesis changes with temperature at the enzymatic scale within the leaf; (ii) how stomata and plant transport systems are affected by temperature; (iii) what features make a plant susceptible or tolerant to elevated temperature and heat stress; and (iv) how these temperature and heat effects compound at the ecosystem scale to affect crop yields. Throughout the review, we identify current advancements and future research trajectories that are needed to make our cropping systems more resilient to rising temperature and heat stress, which are both projected to occur due to current global fossil fuel emissions
The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystems.
As global land surface temperature continues to rise and heatwave events increase in frequency, duration, and/or intensity, our key food and fuel cropping systems will likely face increased heat-related stress. A large volume of literature exists on exploring measured and modelled impacts of rising temperature on crop photosynthesis, from enzymatic responses within the leaf up to larger ecosystem-scale responses that reflect seasonal and interannual crop responses to heat. This review discusses (i) how crop photosynthesis changes with temperature at the enzymatic scale within the leaf; (ii) how stomata and plant transport systems are affected by temperature; (iii) what features make a plant susceptible or tolerant to elevated temperature and heat stress; and (iv) how these temperature and heat effects compound at the ecosystem scale to affect crop yields. Throughout the review, we identify current advancements and future research trajectories that are needed to make our cropping systems more resilient to rising temperature and heat stress, which are both projected to occur due to current global fossil fuel emissions
Risk factors for overweight and obesity after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in North America and Switzerland: A comparison of two cohort studies.
BACKGROUND
After childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sequelae include overweight and obesity, yet with conflicting evidence. We compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between ≥5-year ALL survivors from the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and described risk factors.
METHODS
We included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed between 1976 and 1999. We matched CCSS participants (3:1) to SCCSS participants by sex and attained age. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from self-reported height and weight for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants; we then compared those with siblings (2034) in North America and Switzerland (678) siblings. We assessed risk factors for overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 ) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2 ) using multinomial regression.
RESULTS
We found overweight and obesity significantly more common among survivors in North America when compared with survivors in Switzerland [overweight: 30%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 27-32 vs. 24%, 21-29; obesity: 29%, 27-32 vs. 7%, 5-10] and siblings (overweight: 30%, 27-32 vs. 25%, 22-29; obesity: 24%, 22-26 vs. 6%, 4-8). Survivors in North America [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 1.01-1.53] and Switzerland (1.27, 0.74-2.21) were slightly more often obese than siblings. Among survivors, risk factors for obesity included residency in North America (5.8, 3.7-9.0); male (1.7, 1.3-2.3); attained age (≥45 years: 5.1, 2.4-10.8); Non-Hispanic Black (3.4, 1.6-7.0); low household income (2.3, 1.4-3.5); young age at diagnosis (1.6, 1.1-2.2). Cranial radiotherapy ≥18 Gray was only a risk factor for overweight (1.4, 1.0-1.8); steroids were not associated with overweight or obesity. Interaction tests found no evidence of difference in risk factors between cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS
Although treatment-related risk for overweight and obesity were similar between regions, higher prevalence among survivors in North America identifies important sociodemographic drivers for informing health policy and targeted intervention trials
UNLV College of Education Multicultural & Diversity Newsletter
A newsletter discussing a variety of topics dealing with multicultural topics and diversity in education
UNLV College of Education Multicultural & Diversity Newsletter
A newsletter discussing a variety of topics dealing with multicultural topics and diversity in education