GAMMA 10/PDXエンドセルにおける粒子・熱流束計測および数値シミュレーションに基づくプラズマ挙動に関する研究

この博士論文は内容の要約のみの公開（または一部非公開）になっています筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

GAMMA 10/PDXエンドセルにおける粒子・熱流束計測および数値シミュレーションに基づくプラズマ挙動に関する研究

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Microbial Quality of Restaurants Foods in Suburban Area and Antibiotic Resistance

Despite the fact that ready-to-eat foods have gained popularity across the globe. Food safety is frequently overlooked as a major problem in this case. Antibiotic resistance is a long-standing concern regarding microbial diseases. This research was intended to explore the quality of the ready-to-eat foods available in the suburban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition, their association with the development of multi-drug resistance was explored. For this purpose, 12 food samples were randomly selected from the restaurants in a suburban area near Dhaka city. Then, the existence of bacteria and their antibiotic resistance capacity were examined through systematic biochemical and microbial experiments. Results showed that the presence of Staphylococcus epidermitis in milk was higher and the level of growth was undesirable according to FDA guidelines. The presence of Klebsiella in fried rice was also impermissible. Apparently, both Cephradine and Ampicillin revealed that they were not capable of inhibiting microbial growth because of their resistance. From the sensitivity test report, it is clear that people in rural areas are also under the threat of food-borne diseases and the development of antibiotic resistance because of the consumption of these kinds of contaminated ready-to-eat foods

Combating the impact of COVID- 19 on Public University Students through Subsidized Online Class: Evidence from Bangladesh

We strived to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on public university students with barriers to the online class through surveyed 1092 students of 15 public universities in Bangladesh using Google Form. Eight barriers were explored. About half, 542(49.6%) students shouldered learning-related costs, 489(45%) students had part time job, 461(42.2%) had COVID-19 patients nearby, 805(73.7%) faced income reduction, 367(75.2%) lost part-time jobs and 688 (63%) had financial crises, 703(64.3%) deterioration of psychological status,  827(75.7 %) had internet access and 526(48.2%) had devices to attend online classes but 519 (47.5%) failed to bear the internet cost.  Besides, the study time reduced significantly from (3.67±2.17) to (1.23±1.34) hours, and career planning of 853(78.2%) struck. COVID-19 has multiple catastrophic impacts on the educational, financial, and psychological aspects. To curb these impacts, public universities must provide financial subsidies to those disadvantaged students to ensure the success of the online class. Keywords: Covid-19, Education, Public University, Financial crisis, Online Class, Subsidy DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-27-17 Publication date:September 30th 202

The Effects of Preexisting Health Conditions and Vaccination on the COVID-19 Complications

In recent years, the coronavirus pandemic disease has been more fatal in the world. The presence of several comorbidities, particularly asthma, cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and kidney disease, has been linked to a worse prognosis of COVID-19 infection. This paper examined the progression of the disease, significant health risks, effects of vaccination and COVID-19 complications rates among people with comorbidities. A cross-sectional study has been conducted with direct interviews of 1002 patients in different parts of Bangladesh following a well-organized questionnaire. This study clearly shows that pre-existing health problems are extremely high-risk factors for long-term major health complications such as shortness of breath, hypertension, loss of taste and appetite, mental depression, dementia, uncontrolled blood pressure, and sugar levels during and after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Among them, almost 70% of asthma and cardiovascular disease patients were suffering from severe health complications, including shortness of breath, hypertension, and mental health problems, after getting the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, it also revealed that vaccination can significantly reduce the severity of COVID complications up to 50% compared to unvaccinated people. The overall finding of this study can be useful for the prediction of possible ways to avoid the life-threatening risk of COVID-19 infection for people who are already suffering from various preexisting health problems

THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL CAD LAYERING STANDARD ON THE BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF SINGAPORE

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

A Robust Approach for Identification of Cancer Biomarkers and Candidate Drugs

Background and objectives: Identification of cancer biomarkers that are differentially expressed (DE) between two biological conditions is an important task in many microarray studies. There exist several methods in the literature in this regards and most of these methods designed especially for unpaired samples, those are not suitable for paired samples. Furthermore, the traditional methods use p-values or fold change (FC) values to detect the DE genes. However, sometimes, p-value based results do not comply with FC based results due to the smaller pooled variance of gene expressions, which occurs when variance of each individual condition becomes smaller. There are some methods that combine both p-values and FC values to solve this problem. But, those methods also show weak performance for small sample cases in the presence of outlying expressions. To overcome this problem, in this paper, an attempt is made to propose a hybrid robust SAM-FC approach by combining rank of FC values and rank of p-values computed by SAM statistic using minimum β-divergence method, which is designed for paired samples. Materials and Methods: The proposed method introduces a weight function known as β-weight function. This weight function produces larger weights corresponding to usual and smaller weights for unusual expressions. The β-weight function plays the significant role on the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method uses β-weight function as a measure of outlier detection by setting β = 0.2. We unify both classical and robust estimates using β-weight function, such that maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are used in absence of outliers and minimum β-divergence estimators are used in presence of outliers to obtain reasonable p-values and FC values in the proposed method. Results: We examined the performance of proposed method in a comparison of some popular methods (t-test, SAM, LIMMA, Wilcoxon, WAD, RP, and FCROS) using both simulated and real gene expression profiles for both small and large sample cases. From the simulation and a real spike in data analysis results, we observed that the proposed method outperforms other methods for small sample cases in the presence of outliers and it keeps almost equal performance with other robust methods (Wilcoxon, RP, and FCROS) otherwise. From the head and neck cancer (HNC) gene expression dataset, the proposed method identified two additional genes (CYP3A4 and NOVA1) that are significantly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism, drug metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. The survival analysis through Kaplan–Meier curve revealed that combined effect of these two genes has prognostic capability and they might be promising biomarker of HNC. Moreover, we retrieved the 12 candidate drugs based on gene interaction from glad4u and drug bank literature based gene associations. Conclusions: Using pathway analysis, disease association study, protein–protein interactions and survival analysis we found that our proposed two additional genes might be involved in the critical pathways of cancer. Furthermore, the identified drugs showed statistical significance which indicates that proteins associated with these genes might be therapeutic target in cancer