A Review on Embryonic Development of Inland Fishes of Bangladesh

The early developmental pattern of inland fishes of Bangladesh are not well studied though it has a great importance in fisheries and aquaculture sector. The embryonic study provides interesting information on further growth and health of the fish and considered as an essential component for optimization of fish seed production by natural and induced breeding. Therefore, the current review work has been undertaken to provide a detail information on embryonic development of important inland fishes of Bangladesh. Information was collected from published scientific papers, un-published Masters and PhD dissertations from universities, popular articles and other published and grey literature. Diameters of unfertilized egg of the reviewed fish species were found to be 0.5 to 1.3 mm and fertilized egg were 0.49 to 1.6 mm. Shapes of the egg were also variable from species to species. There is little information available on egg activation and egg micropyle of fish species of Bangladesh. The fertilization rate of different fishes ranged from 40.1% to 93.9%. There are different stages of early development in different species and time needs to complete the stages also vary. The timing of post hatching development by metamorphosis was found to vary based on the fish species from several days to weeks. Different factors like temperature, photoperiod, DO, seasonality and presence of chemicals in water were found to affect the early development of fish. The review included eighteen inland fishes and unearthed useful insights of their embryonic development and influence of different factors. As we expect, the outcome of the study would provide a baseline and would be very useful in conducting further research on the embryology of indigenous fishes of Bangladesh.&nbsp

Attitude towards diabetes and social and family support among type 2 diabetes patients attending a tertiary-care hospital in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Background: Bangladesh has been suffering from an epidemiological transition from infectious and maternal diseases to non-communicable lifestyle-related diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers etc. The burden of diabetes has been increasing rapidly due to high incidence as well as poor glycemic control leading to various macro and micro-vascular complications. In this study, we aim to assess the attitude towards diabetes and social and family support among the Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 144 patients with T2DM at the medicine outpatient department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) in Dhaka, Bangladesh between 1 July and 31 July 2014. Data collection was done by interviewing patients using structured questionnaire. Understanding diabetes, education/advice received, attitude towards diabetes, family and friend support were measured by validated scales adapted from diabetes care profile. Results: This study includes a total of 144 patients (101 males and 43 females) with type 2 diabetes aged between 20 and 84 years. 87 % of the patients had inadequate blood glucose control (fasting blood sugar >7.2 mmol/L or >130 mg/dl). Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean scores of various attitude scales (i.e. positive, negative, care ability and self-care adherence scale) among patients with adequate and inadequate blood glucose control (p < 0.05). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between these three categories of social and family support. Self-satisfaction with diabetic care was significantly associated with adequate blood glucose control (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Positive attitude towards diabetes management and support from friends and family were associated with adequate diabetes management. Appropriate public health interventions should be designed to educate and motivate the family members to offer greater support to the diabetes patients

Salmon economic analysis: an operational cost study, finding better ways to ensure efficient resource utilization, improves profitability and environmental sustainability for the salmon aquaculture in Norway.

Salmon aquaculture is the fastest growing industry in Norway, contributing to food security and nutrition. The industry ensures social, economic and environmentally sustainable development by utilizing natural resources efficiently. However, this industry consistently encounters challenges; idle capacity, pollution, diseases, parasites and fish escaping, to name a few. The considerably longer production cycle is largely responsible for brewing these challenges. Moreover, these limitations have elevated the concern about the significant economic losses and ecological impacts. With the current technologies, under current regulatory and ecological conditions, despite increasing salmon demand in the global market, room for industrial growth is constrained. This has led to an increase of a significant attention in the area of new technology development and new ways for sustainable expansion. A number of variables determine profitability in aquaculture, including capacity utilization, biological factors, capital investment, operational costs and sales price. Many of the actual outcomes in the aquaculture rely on the efficient usage of MTB (Maximum Total Biomass) limit, which is considered the most scarce and expensive resource for a fish farm production. The current study has undertaken economic analysis to assess the MTB utilization and cost of production in the current production model of a traditional sea-based salmon farm situated in Sognefjorden. The report aims to investigate how the current MTB limit is utilized and how time, information and uncertainty can create incentives or difficulties for improving MTB usage during the “post-smolt” production phase. A shorter production cycle possibly improves production capacity utilization and production turnover to ensures “economies of scale”. Thus, production time is reduced, adopting policies like introducing larger smolt compared to the regular smolt and optimal harvesting weight class. Hence, the shorter production cycle ensures efficient resource utilization, reduce vulnerabilities, higher production volume, lower production costs and improve profitability

AI-Driven UX for Video Object Annotation

Master's Thesis in Interaction and Media DesignMIX350MASV-MI

Utilization of post-consumer waste for sustainable denim manufacturing

The utilization of post-consumer waste (PCW) in the textile industry has gained significant attention as a sustainable approach towards reducing waste and conserving resources. This research paper investigates the feasibility of incorporating PCW fibers into blended yarns for the production of denim fabrics. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the resulting fabrics in terms of various physical properties. The research findings reveal that while the introduction of PCW in the blend may affect certain fabric properties such as mass variation and tensile strength, it offers a sustainable solution for achieving circularity in denim manufacturing. The tensile strength value for 70/30C/PCW fabric were found 341.8 N and 288.4 N in warp and weft direction, respectively. On the other hand, the tear strength value were 27.89 N and 19.67 N in warp and weft direction, respectively. The analysis highlights the importance of blend ratios and specific end-use requirements in determining the suitability of PCW in denim production. The study contributes to the existing knowledge on sustainable textile manufacturing and emphasizes the need for responsible waste management in the industry. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights for manufacturers, buyers, and consumers interested in incorporating PCW fibers into denim production. By embracing such practices, the textile industry can actively contribute to environmental conservation and foster a more sustainable future

Prevalence and associated factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age group in the Maldives: Evidence from a nationally representative study.

BackgroundGlobal epidemiological transition across various countries have documented the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition. South Asian countries are facing this public health hazard in remarkable manner. To enrich the evidence and relation with women's health in the Maldives, this study was undertaken to examine the prevalence and associated factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among reproductive age women.MethodsThis study was conducted utilizing data from the Maldives Demographic and Health Survey 2016-17. After presenting descriptive analyses, multivariable logistic regression analysis method was used to examine the prevalence and associations between different nutritional status categories. These were grouped based on the WHO recommended cut-off value and relevant socio-demographic determinants among reproductive age women.ResultsA total weighted sample of 6,634 reproductive age Maldivian women (15-49 years) were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 63%, while the underweight prevalence was 10%. The younger age group (15-24 years) had a higher prevalence of underweight (26%). On the other hand, an overweight and obesity prevalence of 82.6% was observed among the older age group (35-49 years). Regression analysis showed that residents of the North and Central Provinces, those in the higher quintiles of wealth index, married women and those with parity of more than two children, were all significantly negatively correlated to being underweight. Increased age, being married or separated/divorced/widowed and having more than three children was found to have a significant positive association with overweight and obesity.ConclusionsMaldives is facing nutritional transition and a major public health hazard demonstrated by the high burden of overweight and obesity and persistence of chronic problem of undernutrition. Surveillance of vulnerable individuals with identified socio-demographic factors and cost-effective interventions are highly recommended to address the persistent underweight status and the emerging problem of overweight/obesity

Variation of Dynamical Parameters with Upper Tropospheric Potential Vorticity in Tropical Cyclone over the North Indian Ocean Using WRF Model

Meteorologists are experiencing many challenges in the reliable forecasting of the track and intensity of tropical cyclones (TC). Uses of the potential vorticity (PV) technique will enrich the current forecasting system. The use of PV analysis of TC intensification over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) is rare. In this study, the authors analyze the behaviour of upper-level PV with dynamic parameters of TCs over NIO. The authors used NCEP FNL reanalysis 1 × 1 degree data as input in WRF model version 4.0.3 with one-way nesting between the parent and child domains. The authors used a coupling of the Kain-Fritsch (new Eta) scheme and the WSM 6-class graupel scheme as cumulus and microphysics options to run the model. The authors found that at least one potential vorticity unit (PVU) (1 PVU = 10–6 m2 s –1KKg–1) upper PV is required to maintain the intensification of TC. Larger upper PV accelerates the fall of central pressure. The high value of upper PV yields the intensification of TC. The wind shear and upper PV exhibited almost identical temporal evolution. Upper PV cannot intensify the TCs at negative wind shear and shear above the threshold value of 12 ms–1. The upper PV and geopotential heights of 500 hPa change mutually in opposite trends. The upper PV calculated by the model is comparable to that of ECMWF results. Therefore, the findings of this study are admissible

Diallel Cross Application and Histomolecular Characterization: An Attempt to Develop Reference Stock of <i>Labeo ariza</i>

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth performance and genetic variation in diallel crosses of Ariza labeo (Labeo ariza) originating from three geographically separated rivers (Atrai, Jamuna and Kangsha) in Bangladesh. Intra (G1K♀K♂, G2J♀J♂, and G3A♀A♂) and inter (G4K♀A♂, G5K♀J♂, G6A♀K♂, G7A♀J♂, G8J♀K♂, and G9J♀A♂) stocks were produced following diallel cross (sex ratio—1:1 and n = 48; 16 from each river). Reproductive and growth performance, muscle cellularity and genetic variation following genotyping of eight microsatellite markers (Lr1, Lr2, Lr3, Lr22, Lr24, Lr27, Lr28 and Lr29) and analysis of all crossbreeds was performed. The fertilization (95% ± 2.11%), hatching (88% ± 1.03%), and survival rates (82% ± 1.88%) of G4K♀A♂ were higher compared to other groups. With respect to length and weight gains (2.67 ± 0.4 cm and 3.39 ± 0.2 g), SGR (3.23% ± 0.20%), and heterosis (8.87% and 24.74%) G4K♀A♂ was the superior group. A higher number of hyperplastic muscle fibers, mean number of alleles (2.75) and mean observed heterozygosity (0.417) from G4K♀A♂ could be interpreted to mean that G4K♀A♂ comprise better performance efficiency compared to others and are considered for continuing the L. ariza stock improvement program

Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents

Since the early 1990s, nanotechnology has led to new horizons in nanomedicine, which encompasses all spheres of science including chemistry, material science, biology, and biotechnology. Emerging viral infections are creating severe hazards to public health worldwide, recently, COVID-19 has caused mass human casualties with significant economic impacts. Interestingly, silver nanoparti-cles (AgNPs) exhibited the potential to destroy viruses, bacteria, and fungi using various methods. However, developing safe and effective antiviral drugs is challenging, as viruses use host cells for replication. Designing drugs that do not harm host cells while targeting viruses is complicated. In recent years, the impact of AgNPs on viruses has been evaluated. Here, we discuss the potential role of silver nanoparticles as antiviral agents. In this review, we focus on the properties of AgNPs such as their characterization methods, antiviral activity, mechanisms, applications, and toxicity