Development of high workability grout on semi rigid wearing course

A composite pavement known as semi rigid wearing course is made by incorporating high workability fluid grout into a high porosity of porous asphalt skeleton. This fluid grout is particularly designed to have the consistency workability of water with high early and 28 – day strength. It is critical to maintain its high fluidity so it can flow through air voids while simultaneously generate high compressive strength with minimal porosity. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of a known pozzolanic material towards the properties of fluid grout. A wide range of mix trials was formulated with various proportions of chemical and mineral admixtures. The fresh and hardened grout underwent flow cone and compressive test for its workability and strength determination respectively. The results obtained show that the combination of a known pozzolanic material and a known chemical admixture is possible to improve the fluidity of grout and strength when suitable and conducive mix proportions attained

The application of CAP-SASW method in determination of sub-surface profile of flexible taxiway in the airport

In Malaysia, evaluating and assessing pavement condition always require destructive method such as field-cured cylinders and drilled cores from pavement. Not only these current practices are expensive and labor intensive, they are also may not represent in-place quality of pavement due to the in-situ conditions and site irregularities. In terms of the performance of the flexible pavement, the modulus and thickness of each layer in the pavement are the primary factors that associate with it. In-situ determination of these parameters is crucial, and non-destructive seismic method successfully alleviates the dependency on the destructive method. Utilizing Rayleigh wave propagation as its core element, the technology has proven its ability to obtain important parameters in pavement assessment and delineate the subsurface profile accurately. In this study, a non-destructive seismic method called Common Array Profiling Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (CAP-SASW) was employed on flexible taxiway at Malaysia airport, as in a new, different configuration compared to the conventional SASW method. This method produces stiffness profile of the flexible pavement at airport taxiway. The inversion procedure is performed to obtain their thickness profile and results were compared with the existing methods such as Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Dynamic Cone penetrometer (DCP) and coring data. The pavement moduli are obtained with benefit from equation of Yoder and Witzack, and as for this surface wave technique, the moduli obtained are the small strain modulus. The value of elastic modulus obtained for every layer is also being compared to the modulus obtained from HWD method, which shows good comparison

Effects of Using Silica Fume and Polycarboxylate-Type Superplasticizer on Physical Properties of Cementitious Grout Mixtures for Semiflexible Pavement Surfacing

Semi-flexible pavement surfacing is a composite pavement that utilizes the porous pavement structure of the flexible bituminous pavement, which is subsequently grouted with appropriate cementitious materials. This study aims to investigate the compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability performance of cementitious grout. The grout mixtures are designed to achieve high strength and maintain flow properties in order to allow the cement slurries to infiltrate easily through unfilled compacted skeletons. A paired-sample t-test was carried out to find out whether water/cement ratio, SP percentages, and use of silica fume influence the cementitious grout performance. The findings showed that the replacement of 5% silica fume with an adequate amount of superplasticizer and water/cement ratio was beneficial in improving the properties of the cementitious grout

Correlation between slump, VeBe and compaction factor of concrete containing shredded PET bottles, manufactured sand (M-sand) and river sand as fine aggregate

This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by Msand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump, VeBe, and compaction factor for the shredded PET bottles and MSand based M30 concrete was proposed. The outcomes of this research has proven beneficial to the construction industries as the utilisation of waste and recycled materials has the potential for sustainable construction

Higher modes and superposed mode behavior for flexible pavement layer system

This paper presents the study of modes behavior in pavement layer system using Common Array Profiling Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (CAP-SASW) testing method. Method for evaluation and testing the materials at pavement sites are traditionally destructive. The utilization of non-destructive method such as CAP-SASW is a very useful advantage, however deeper study on its mode behavior for pavement layer is not proven. Comparing both theoretical and experimental generated modes, this paper aims to provide precise configuration measurement in sampling pavement materials besides understanding its modes behavior

Rainfall-induced landslides in Cameron Highland area, Malaysia

Cameron Highland is classified as one of the landslide-prone areas in Malaysia due to its hilly landform. It has been discovered that the landslides in Cameron Highland were mainly triggered by the intense rainfall since the area encountered high amount of rainfall throughout the year. This study is carried out to evaluate the correlation between the rainfall intensity- duration (I-D) and the landslide occurrences in the Cameron Highland area. Twelve cases of landslides in the study area had been selected for conducting the analysis of rainfall intensity- duration (I-D) that triggers the landslides. The important variables from the analysis such as the maximum rainfall intensity (I) and the duration of rainfall series (D) have been applied to establish the empirical rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) threshold for Cameron Highland landslide areas. Based on the study, by utilising the logarithmic scale graph and applying a power-law model from the general equation of I= αD-β , the empirical I-D threshold for Cameron Highland landslide was determined as I = 29.088D-0.075 (I = rainfall intensity in mm/hr and D = duration in hour). The empirical (I-D) threshold can be a functional mechanism for the Early Warning System (EWS) once it is further developed, that enable the relevant authority to prepare mitigation measures such as evacuation, spreading information to the civilian in order to prevent major losses and casualties due to the landslide event

Correlation between slump, VeBe and compaction factor of concrete containing shredded PET bottles, manufactured sand (M-sand) and river sand as fine aggregate

This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by M-sand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump, VeBe, and compaction factor for the shredded PET bottles and M�Sand based M30 concrete was proposed. The outcomes of this research has proven beneficial to the construction industries as the utilisation of waste and recycled materials has the potential for sustainable construction

Investigation on Compatibility Property Between Aggregates and Bitumen Modified with Untreated and Treated Waste Cooking Oil

The superior performance of asphaltic concrete exhibited the good adhesion bonding between binder-aggregates interaction in bituminous mixture. However, the issue of compatibility properties in modification of binder with waste cooking oil (WCO) arises since the poor mechanical performance of asphalt mixture is globally recorded thus reflected the weakness of adhesion bonding inside the pavement material. In fact, the potential of high adhesiveness binding properties is affected by the chemical theory which is chemical composition thereby effecting to the surface microstructure arrangement in bituminous mixture. Therefore, it is vital to conduct the morphology and microstructure observation in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding on the behaviour of the internal structure in pavement material that influencing the adhesion performance. The identification of chemical composition is determined by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Selective (GC-MS). Meanwhile, the surface microstructure observation for asphalt mixture is performed with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Results showed that the incompatibility characteristic is revealed based on the GC-MS result, which discovered the identification of polar compounds in control binder and treated WCO while untreated WCO is recognised as a non-polar compound. The FESEM image illustrated that the more compacted structure arrangement existed in treated WCO mixture compared to the control and untreated WCO mixtures

Reusable concrete debris as aggregate replacement on the properties of green concrete

The sustainability of renewable resources is affected by the rapid booming of the construction sector. The massive production of construction and demolition waste by this sector has given drawbacks to the environment as well. An environmentally friendly approach to overcome the disposal of waste materials is via the recycling process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the properties of concrete made by Coarse Aggregate Associated with Concrete Production (CAACP) and Fine Aggregate Associated with Concrete Production (FAACP). Both CAACP and FAACP were obtained from concrete debris from crushed concrete. Some percentage of the concrete debris will be used as an aggregate replacement for concrete production. Six different concrete mixes containing 10, 20 and 30% of coarse and fine aggregate replacement were prepared accordingly. The concrete samples were tested for its strength at 3,7 and 28 days of curing age. The physical properties of the recycle aggregate were also carried out in order to investigate the possible factor that may affect the fresh and hardened concrete. It can finally be concluded that green concrete can be produced by FAACP or CAACP and possibly to produce higher strength compared to the conventional concrete strength