Semi-Trusted Mixer Based Privacy Preserving Distributed Data Mining for Resource Constrained Devices

In this paper a homomorphic privacy preserving association rule mining algorithm is proposed which can be deployed in resource constrained devices (RCD). Privacy preserved exchange of counts of itemsets among distributed mining sites is a vital part in association rule mining process. Existing cryptography based privacy preserving solutions consume lot of computation due to complex mathematical equations involved. Therefore less computation involved privacy solutions are extremely necessary to deploy mining applications in RCD. In this algorithm, a semi-trusted mixer is used to unify the counts of itemsets encrypted by all mining sites without revealing individual values. The proposed algorithm is built on with a well known communication efficient association rule mining algorithm named count distribution (CD). Security proofs along with performance analysis and comparison show the well acceptability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Efficient and straightforward privacy model and satisfactory performance of the protocol promote itself among one of the initiatives in deploying data mining application in RCD.Comment: IEEE Publication format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS, Vol. 8 No. 1, April 2010, USA. ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis

Fighting Irrelevance: The Role of Regional Trade Agreements in International Production Networks in Asia

This chapter contains the sectoral case study on the textiles and clothing (T&C) in Bangladesh. The objectives of the chapter were to clarify value chain development in the export-oriented T&C sector of Bangladesh and the factors responsible for its development since its inception in the early 1980s. An in-depth analysis was carried out that covered: (a) the pattern of trade in T&C products between Bangladesh and other countries, (b) the dynamics and changes of the trade pattern and (c) the role of trade policies that focus on regional trade agreements (RTAs). Based on the analysis, the study makes policy suggestions for effective IPN operation in the T&C sector of Bangladesh.trade liberalization, international production networks, regional trade agreements, value chain, Asia, textile and clothing, East Asia, Bangladesh

A study of Avicenna's concept of the soul in relation to those of Aristotle and Plotinus

Initially attracted to Aristotelianism, Avicenna touched on almost all aspects of Aristotle's philosophy. One of them is the problem of the soul (nafs), of which his accounts reflect both Aristotle's and Plotinus's views. Avicenna's psychological accounts begin with the Aristotelian definition of the soul. With Aristotle he seems to accept the entelecheia view of the soul, which holds that the soul is an actualisation of the body having life in it, that the soul has no activity independently of the body. But he also accepts the immortality of the soul, which seems to be a non-Aristotelian trait. These two views seem to be divergent and contrary. Since Avicenna seems to accept these two apparently contrary views, it is a concern whether he maintains consistency in his system.In order to explore this, we shall take up a reconciliation methodology, focusing on the hypothesis that he combines aspects or elements from the two divergent philosophical systems so as to produce an overall position which can be regarded as consistent. Like Aristotle, A vicenna, while talking about the vegetative and animal souls, holds a functionalist view of the soul, that the soul acts in association with the body; thus properly using the Aristotelian entelecheia formula. But he also holds the immortality of the rational soul, which he sees as a substance capable of subsisting by itself and functioning independently of the body, which suggests he cannot properly apply here the entelecheia doctrine. The thesis investigates how A vicenna understands and applies Aristotle's entelecheia doctrine, and distinguishes his accounts of the non-rational souls (plant and animal) from those of the rational soul (human). A vicenna is seen to have understood the Aristotelian entelecheia doctrine in two different senses in order to hold two different views of the soul-as form and as substance. This thesis examines how he begins with the Aristotelian definition and framework of the soul and slips away from the fundamental themes of Aristotelianism, and accepts certain elements of neo-Platonism by tracing as many divergences and analogies as possible between Avicenna's concepts and those of Aristotle and Plotinus.The thesis also explores whether Avicenna, by modifying the Aristotelian sense of the entelecheia doctrine, can derive substantial arguments for the immortality of the soul from the Aristotelian tradition. We endeavour to show that although there is a tendency to attribute the view of the immortality of the soul to Aristotle, it is inconsistentent, given the orthodox Aristotelian platform of the entelecheia doctrine, to hold the two views, which are in fact divergent. Avicenna, although he modifies the entelecheia doctrine in order to accommodate the immortality view of the rational soul and attributes it to some extent to Aristotle's philosophy, does not, indeed, find convincing argumentation in the Peripatetic tradition; rather, his arguments, we shall show, are derived from neo-Platonism, mainly from Plotinus. This involves him in reconciling both views, selecting the elements that best suit his overall position, and evidently in doing so he sets himself astray from the mainstreams of both Aristotelianism and neo-Platonism

バングラデシュにおけるコウミマドラサの改革プロセスに関する研究 : 英語科に焦点を当てて

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(教育学)Doctor of Philosophy in Educationdoctora

A Brief History of Prompt: Leveraging Language Models. (Through Advanced Prompting)

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of prompt engineering and generation in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Starting from the early language models and information retrieval systems, we trace the key developments that have shaped prompt engineering over the years. The introduction of attention mechanisms in 2015 revolutionized language understanding, leading to advancements in controllability and context-awareness. Subsequent breakthroughs in reinforcement learning techniques further enhanced prompt engineering, addressing issues like exposure bias and biases in generated text. We examine the significant contributions in 2018 and 2019, focusing on fine-tuning strategies, control codes, and template-based generation. The paper also discusses the growing importance of fairness, human-AI collaboration, and low-resource adaptation. In 2020 and 2021, contextual prompting and transfer learning gained prominence, while 2022 and 2023 witnessed the emergence of advanced techniques like unsupervised pre-training and novel reward shaping. Throughout the paper, we reference specific research studies that exemplify the impact of various developments on prompt engineering. The journey of prompt engineering continues, with ethical considerations being paramount for the responsible and inclusive future of AI systems

Scientific Management and Religious Views

The main purpose of the study is to discuss Taylorism, known to us as scientific management, in the life code given to mankind by which was brought into existence in the life of prophet Muhammad (SAW) according to the Quran and Sunnah(Traditions of prophet), existing in an old, week, ignorant (Zahelia) social system, the main objectives of the management of prophet by investigating the worn out and inactive social system with utmost care and selection was to make the best utilization of human skill through establishing mutual good relation, eliminating conflicts and confusion by the best organizational strength of Islam

The Magnitude of Cultural Factors That Affect School Enrolment and Retention in Afghanistan: An Analysis Through Hofstede’s Cultural Model

This study aims to measure the magnitude of the cultural factors that affect enrolment and retention in both primary and secondary education levels in Afghanistan and advocate cultural transformation or modification in Afghanistan to enhance enrolment and retention in school. The study uses quantitative and particularly qualitative data regarding cultural constraints to school enrolment and retention in Afghanistan from secondary sources like Afghan government publications, private publications, publications from non-government organizations, journal articles, newspaper articles, newsletter articles, web documents, dissertations, published interviews, database articles, and books. It employs Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model to analyze the cultural factors. However, the study found out that on the scale of Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model, Afghan culture was characterized by high degree of power distance, masculinity, i.e., conventional gender role focus, high level of uncertainty avoidance, and long term orientation that were deterrents to education in Afghanistan. Finally, it recommends a culture with low level of power distance, femininity focus, low degree of uncertainty avoidance, and long term orientation to increase school enrolments and retention in Afghanistan

Chemical investigation of phytoalexins and phytoanticipins : isolation, synthesis and antifungal activity

The focus of my research was on the secondary metabolites produced by crucifer plants under stress and their biological activity against fungi. Both cultivated and wild plants were investigated to isolate phytoalexins and phytoanticipins, and determine their metabolite profiles.The first chapter of this thesis describes cruciferous plants and their most important pathogenic fungi. These plants are divided into three groups: oilseeds, vegetables and wild species. The metabolites isolated from these plants and their biosynthetic studies are reviewed. In addition economically important necrotrophic fungi such as Leptosphaeria maculans, Alternaria brassicae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani are also reviewed along with their phytotoxins. The second chapter of this thesis describes the detection, isolation, structure determination, syntheses of stress metabolites and biological activity of these metabolites against L. maculans, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. The investigation of cauliflower led to the isolation of seven phytoalexins: 1-methoxybrassitin (55), spirobrassinin (71), isalexin (64), brassicanal C (60), caulilexins A (106), B (107), and C (105). The phytoalexins caulilexins A (106), B (107) and C (105) were reported for the first time. Caulilexin A (106), having a disulfide bridge, showed the highest activity against S. sclerotiorum and R. solani among the known phytoalexins. Similarly four phytoalexins: 1-methoxybrassitin, brussalexins A (121), B (117) and C (118) along with four metabolites: ascorbigen (51), diindolylmethane (50), 1-methoxy-3,3’-diindolylmethane (119) and di-(1-methoxy-3-indolyl)methane (120) were isolated from Brussels sprouts. The phytoalexins brussalexins A (121), B (117) and C (118) are new metabolites. Brussalexin A (121) is the only cruciferous phytoalexins having an allyl thiolcarbamate functional group. The metabolite 1-methoxy-3,3’-diindolylmethane (119) is reported for the first time.The investigation of brown mustard for polar metabolites led to the isolation of indole-3-acetonitrile (76) and spirobrassinin (71) along with isorhamnetin-3,7-diglucoside (134). Investigation of wild species such as Asian mustard, sand rocket, wallrocket, hedge mustard and Abyssinian mustard for production of stress metabolites led to the isolation of indole-3-acetonitrile (76), arvelexin (84), 1,4-dimethoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (137), rapalexins A (138) and B (142), methyl-1-methoxyindole-3-carboxylate (59) and metabolites bis(4-isothiocyanotobutyl)-disulfide (139), 5-(3-isothiocyanato-propylsulfanyl)-pentylisothiocyanate (136) and 3-(methylsulfinyl)-propylisothiocyanate (135). Two metabolites were also isolated from Brussels sprouts and brown mustard; however, these structures are not yet determined. The metabolites 1,4-dimethoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (137) and 5-(3-isothiocyanato-propylsulfanyl)-pentylisothiocyanate (136) are reported for the first time