ICMR 2014: 4th ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval

ICMR was initially started as a workshop on challenges in image retrieval (in Newcastle in 1998 ) and later transformed into the Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR) series. In 2011 the CIVR and the ACM Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval were combined into a single conference that now forms the ICMR series. The 4th ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval took place in Glasgow, Scotland, from 1 – 4 April 2014. This was the largest edition of ICMR to date with approximately 170 attendees from 25 different countries. ICMR is one of the premier scientific conference for multimedia retrieval held worldwide, with the stated mission “to illuminate the state of the art in multimedia retrieval by bringing together researchers and practitioners in the field of multimedia retrieval .” According to the Chinese Computing Federation Conference Ranking (2013), ACM ICMR is the number one multimedia retrieval conference worldwide and the number four conference in the category of multimedia and graphics. Although ICMR is about multimedia retrieval, in a wider sense, it is also about automated multimedia understanding. Much of the work in that area involves the analysis of media on a pixel, voxel, and wavelet level, but it also involves innovative retrieval, visualisation and interaction paradigms utilising the nature of the multimedia — be it video, images, speech, or more abstract (sensor) data. The conference aims to promote intellectual exchanges and interactions among scientists, engineers, students, and multimedia researchers in academia as well as industry through various events, including a keynote talk, oral, special and poster sessions focused on re search challenges and solutions, technical and industrial demonstrations of prototypes, tutorials, research, and an industrial panel. In the remainder of this report we will summarise the events that took place at the 4th ACM ICMR conference

Systematic critical review of previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation during pregnancy

Objective: To identify and critically assess previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions delivered during pregnancy. Design: Qualitative review of studies with primary data collection or hypothetical modelling. Quality assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies checklist. Data sources: Electronic search of 13 databases including Medline, Econlit, Embase, and PubMed, and manual search of the UK's National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines and US Surgeon General. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: All study designs considered if they were published in English, evaluated a cessation intervention delivered to pregnant women during pregnancy, and reported any relevant economic evaluation metric (eg, cost per quitter, incremental cost per quality adjusted life year). Results: 18 studies were included. 18 evaluations were conducted alongside clinical trials, four were part of observational studies, five were hypothetical decision-analytic models and one combined modelling with within-trial analysis. Analyses conducted were cost-offset (nine studies), cost-effectiveness (five studies), cost-utility (two studies), and combined cost-effectiveness and cost-utility (two studies). Six studies each were identified as high, fair and poor quality, respectively. All interventions were demonstrated to be cost-effective except motivational interviewing which was dominated by usual care (one study). Areas where the current literature was limited were the robust investigation of uncertainty, including time horizons that included outcomes beyond the end of pregnancy, including major morbidities for the mother and her infant, and incorporating better estimates of postpartum relapse. Conclusions: There are relatively few high quality economic evaluations of cessation interventions during pregnancy. The majority of the literature suggests that such interventions offer value for money; however, there are methodological issues that require addressing, including investigating uncertainty more robustly, utilising better estimates for postpartum relapse, extending beyond a within-pregnancy time horizon, and including major morbidities for the mother and her infant for within-pregnancy and beyond

Exploiting Twitter and Wikipedia for the annotation of event images

With the rise in popularity of smart phones, there has been a recent increase in the number of images taken at large social (e.g. festivals) and world (e.g. natural disasters) events which are uploaded to image sharing websites such as Flickr. As with all online images, they are often poorly annotated, resulting in a difficult retrieval scenario. To overcome this problem, many photo tag recommendation methods have been introduced, however, these methods all rely on historical Flickr data which is often problematic for a number of reasons, including the time lag problem (i.e. in our collection, users upload images on average 50 days after taking them, meaning "training data" is often out of date). In this paper, we develop an image annotation model which exploits textual content from related Twitter and Wikipedia data which aims to overcome the discussed problems. The results of our experiments show and highlight the merits of exploiting social media data for annotating event images, where we are able to achieve recommendation accuracy comparable with a state-of-the-art model

The experience of new graduate nurses in rural practice: A phenomenological study

In Australia, rural nursing is a distinct practice and rural nurses constitute the largest group in the rural health workforce. However, the rural workforce is ageing, the turnover of nurses in rural areas is high, and attracting nurses to these areas is increasingly difficult. The possibility of attracting a substantial number of nurses from metropolitan and urban areas remains remote whilst there is an overall shortage of nurses. Thus, rural health services are experiencing recruitment and retention difficulties, and a lack of attention to these workforce issues from universities, rural and remote nursing organisations, and the Federal Government has further compounded the situation. Despite this, little is known about the recruitment and retention of new graduates in rural health areas and the potential long-term investment they could offer to rural health services. In addition, there has been very little research conducted which specifically focuses on the new graduate's experience of rural nursing practice. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the journey of transition for new graduate nurses in rural practice and to develop an understanding of the meanings that graduates have of their transition experience

Exploiting time in automatic image tagging

Existing automatic image annotation (AIA) models that depend solely on low-level image features often produce poor results, particularly when annotating real-life collections. Tag co-occurrence has been shown to improve image annotation by identifying additional keywords associated with user-provided keywords. However, existing approaches have treated tag co-occurrence as a static measure over time, thereby ignoring the temporal trends of many tags. The temporal distribution of tags, however, caused by events, seasons, memes, etc. provide a strong source of evidence beyond keywords for AIA. In this paper we propose a temporal tag co-occurrence approach to improve upon the current state-of-the-art automatic image annotation model. By replacing the annotated tags with more temporally significant tags, we achieve statistically significant increases to annotation accuracy on a real-life timestamped image collection from Flickr

Hidden Voices: A Qualitative Study of Cervical and Breast Screening Experiences for Women with Mild Intellectual Disability Living in the Community

This thesis presents a qualitative study exploring the gynaecologic screening experiences of women with an intellectual disability living in the Australian community. A Grounded Theory methodology was employed to analyse data from 31 participants and 4 of their carers to develop theories explaining why and how this group participate in or avoid cervical and breast cancer screening. The core theme emerging from the data was that there are some factors which appear to facilitate gynaecologic screening and others which seem to act as barriers. Three interconnected sub-categories emerging as influential in screening uptake were the attributes of the participants, the attributes of carers, and the attributes of health service providers. The study found that the screening of these participants did not concur with Australian Institute of Health and Welfare recommendations. Some individuals who were in high risk groups had not been screened, while others who had little or no risk for cervical and breast cancer had been screened inappropriately. Other findings were: that complex personal factors contributed to their knowledge and motivation to participate in screening; that they preferred oral information from trusted persons and visual sources, but most health promotion literature is text-based and quite difficult for them to assimilate; that those who perceived themselves as at high risk of cancers were often too frightened to seek screening in case it confirmed they had the disease; that some could benefit from health education and assertiveness programs; that unpleasant screening experiences produced aversion to further screening; that professional and non-professional carers influence the screening uptake of their clients and would probably benefit from further education in both cancer screening and advocacy; that participants who were assisted by professional carers were more likely to participate in screening than those living either independently or with family; that health care providers require knowledge and communication skills to provide good health care for these patients, and some providers would probably benefit from further education; that the patient-provider relationship was important in screening uptake; that the presence of a woman or women during gynaecological examinations would probably increase these patients' sense of personal safety and reduce their anxiety; and that these patients usually required extended health consultation time to compensate for their disabilities. It is argued that appropriate cancer screening for this consumer group is an ethical issue that requires the attention of health professionals, policy writers, educationalists and advocacy groups

Collections for automatic image annotation and photo tag recommendation

This paper highlights a number of problems which exist in the evaluation of existing image annotation and tag recommendation methods. Crucially, the collections used by these state-of-the-art methods contain a number of biases which may be exploited or detrimental to their evaluation, resulting in misleading results. In total we highlight seven issues for three popular annotation evaluation collections, i.e. Corel5k, ESP Game and IAPR, as well as three issues with collections used in two state-of-the-art photo tag recommendation methods. The result of this paper is two freely available Flickr image collections designed for the fair evaluation of image annotation and tag recommendation methods called Flickr-AIA and Flickr-PTR respectively. We show through experimentation and demonstration that these collection are ultimately fairer benchmarks than existing collections