The polymerization of aniline on transition-metal cation exchanged hectorite films

Inorganic-organic materials often exhibit enhanced flexibility and thermal stability over their individual inorganic and organic precursors. We are studying the polymerization of organic aniline monomers on inorganic hectorite clay thin film supports. Previous research has shown that aniline polymerizes on the surface and intergallery regions of Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite films. We have synthesized a library of first row transition-metal exchanged hectorite thin film hosts and are probing the effects of the different transition metal cations on aniline polymerization. We have used infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and digital photography to characterize the extent of aniline polymerization on the films. Utilizing the transition metal to control the extent of polymerization allows the optimization of stability and permeability necessary for materials applications including catalytic converters and chemical sensing devices

Strategic Audit of Facebook Through the Lens of International Reputation

This report investigates the history and current situation of Facebook, an international social media firm based in Menlo Park, CA. Facebook faces a number of international controversies and growing resentment from its userbase. In an industry where people are synonymous with capital, a strategic recommendation will be made to help Facebook regain some of its users’ lost faith and hopefully recapture old markets. This report will analyze Facebook’s internal situation using the framework of SWOT analysis, and the external environment Facebook exists in through PEST analysis. These tools will provide a helpful foundation to understand Facebook’s competitive advantages, and render an educated recommendation

Response of Sugar Drip Forace Sorghum to Subsoil Application.Of Phosphorus Fertilizer as Affected by Source, Rate and Moisture

Agronomy (Soils

Organellar Contacts of Milk Lipid Droplets

Milk-secreting epithelial cells of the mammary gland are functionally specialized for the synthesis and secretion of large quantities of neutral lipids, a major macronutrient in milk from most mammals. Milk lipid synthesis and secretion are hormonally regulated and secretion occurs by a unique apocrine mechanism. Neutral lipids are synthesized and packaged into perilipin-2 (PLIN2) coated cytoplasmic lipid droplets within specialized cisternal domains of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Continued lipid synthesis by ER membrane enzymes and lipid droplet fusion contribute to the large size of these cytoplasmic lipid droplets (5–15 μm in diameter). Lipid droplets are directionally trafficked within the epithelial cell to the apical plasma membrane. Upon contact, a molecular docking complex assembles to tether the droplet to the plasma membrane and facilitate its membrane envelopment. This docking complex consists of the transmembrane protein, butyrophilin, the cytoplasmic housekeeping protein, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase, the lipid droplet coat proteins, PLIN2, and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A. Interactions of mitochondria, Golgi, and secretory vesicles with docked lipid droplets have also been reported and may supply membrane phospholipids, energy, or scaffold cytoskeleton for apocrine secretion of the lipid droplet. Final secretion of lipid droplets into the milk occurs in response to oxytocin-stimulated contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround milk-secreting epithelial cells. The mechanistic details of lipid droplet release are unknown at this time. The final secreted milk fat globule consists of a triglyceride core coated with a phospholipid monolayer and various coat proteins, fully encased in a membrane bilayer

Organellar Contacts of Milk Lipid Droplets

Milk-secreting epithelial cells of the mammary gland are functionally specialized for the synthesis and secretion of large quantities of neutral lipids, a major macronutrient in milk from most mammals. Milk lipid synthesis and secretion are hormonally regulated and secretion occurs by a unique apocrine mechanism. Neutral lipids are synthesized and packaged into perilipin-2 (PLIN2) coated cytoplasmic lipid droplets within specialized cisternal domains of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Continued lipid synthesis by ER membrane enzymes and lipid droplet fusion contribute to the large size of these cytoplasmic lipid droplets (5–15 μm in diameter). Lipid droplets are directionally trafficked within the epithelial cell to the apical plasma membrane. Upon contact, a molecular docking complex assembles to tether the droplet to the plasma membrane and facilitate its membrane envelopment. This docking complex consists of the transmembrane protein, butyrophilin, the cytoplasmic housekeeping protein, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase, the lipid droplet coat proteins, PLIN2, and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A. Interactions of mitochondria, Golgi, and secretory vesicles with docked lipid droplets have also been reported and may supply membrane phospholipids, energy, or scaffold cytoskeleton for apocrine secretion of the lipid droplet. Final secretion of lipid droplets into the milk occurs in response to oxytocin-stimulated contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround milk-secreting epithelial cells. The mechanistic details of lipid droplet release are unknown at this time. The final secreted milk fat globule consists of a triglyceride core coated with a phospholipid monolayer and various coat proteins, fully encased in a membrane bilayer