Control of laminar separation over airfoils by acoustic excitation

The effect of acoustic excitation in reducing laminar separation over two-dimensional airfoils at low angles of attack is investigated experimentally. Airfoils of two different cross sections, each with two different chord lengths, are studied in the chord Reynolds number range of 25,000 is less than R sub c is less than 100,000. While keeping the amplitude of the excitation induced velocity perturbation a constant, it is found that the most effective frequency scales as U (sup 3/2)(sub infinity). The parameter St/R (sup 1/2)(sub c), corresponding to the most effective f sub p for all the cases studied, falls in the range of 0.02 to 0.03, St being the Strouhal number based on the chord

Noise reduction tests of large-scale-model externally blown flap using trailing-edge blowing and partial flap slot covering

Noise data were obtained with a large-scale cold-flow model of a two-flap, under-the-wing, externally blown flap proposed for use on future STOL aircraft. The noise suppression effectiveness of locating a slot conical nozzle at the trailing edge of the second flap and of applying partial covers to the slots between the wing and flaps was evaluated. Overall-sound-pressure-level reductions of 5 db occurred below the wing in the flyover plane. Existing models of several noise sources were applied to the test results. The resulting analytical relation compares favorably with the test data. The noise source mechanisms were analyzed and are discussed

Effects of perforated flap surfaces and screens on acoustics of a large externally blown flap model

Various model geometries and combinations of perforated flap surfaces and screens mounted close to the flap surfaces were studied for application to jet-flap noise attenuation for externally blown flap, under-the-wing aircraft. The efforts to reduce jet-flap interaction noise were marginally successful. Maximum attenuations of less than 4 db in overall sound pressure level were obtained in the flyover plane. Noise reductions obtained in the low-to-middle-frequency ranges (up to 7 db) were generally offset by large increases in high-frequency noise (up to 20 db)

Measured fetal and neonatal exposure to Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor during pregnancy and while breastfeeding

With the growing class of CFTR modulator therapy available to more patients and with increasing pregnancies in individuals with CF, there is a growing need to understand the effects of these agents during pregnancy. There are few reports of their continued use in the literature, although it is likely that this is not an uncommon occurrence. We report the uncomplicated and successful pregnancy of a woman treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor, as well as the clinical course of the infant during the first 9 months of life. We also report drug levels in plasma from the mother, cord blood, breast milk, and infant to estimate fetal and infant drug exposure

Cauchy's infinitesimals, his sum theorem, and foundational paradigms

Cauchy's sum theorem is a prototype of what is today a basic result on the convergence of a series of functions in undergraduate analysis. We seek to interpret Cauchy's proof, and discuss the related epistemological questions involved in comparing distinct interpretive paradigms. Cauchy's proof is often interpreted in the modern framework of a Weierstrassian paradigm. We analyze Cauchy's proof closely and show that it finds closer proxies in a different modern framework. Keywords: Cauchy's infinitesimal; sum theorem; quantifier alternation; uniform convergence; foundational paradigms.Comment: 42 pages; to appear in Foundations of Scienc

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC NONRESPONSIVE PATIENTS WITH A NONFORCE TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate how chronic pain patients respond to treatment with Bio-Energetic Synchronization Technique (BEST). Methods: Twenty-four adult patients with chronic pain-related conditions that failed to respond to previous chiropractic care were recruited. Subjects were given baseline assessments including pain Visual Analog Scale, Profile of Mood States, and the Global Well-being Scale. The 5-week treatment program consisted of an initial 3-day session with BEST therapy, followed by a single treatment session for the following 4 weeks. Patients were reevaluated at the end of the 3-day session and at weekly intervals throughout the course of care. At the end of week 5, patients were asked to assess their degree of satisfaction with the treatment. Results: Patients had 3 main categories of pain: headache (n = 8, mean duration 15 years), neck pain (n = 18, mean duration 11 years), and low back pain (n = 17, mean duration 10 years). Global Well-Being Scale scores significantly improved at the end of the 3-day session ( P N .05) but not subsequently. The Profile of Mood States reflected favorable changes in all areas. Significant improvement in vigor ( P N .003) and fatigue ( P N .006) existed at the end of 5 weeks ( P b .01). The reduction of pain was significant at both the end of the 3-day session and at follow-up ( P = .0003). A statistically significant decrease in depression ( P = .004) was noted after 3 days, and a substantial although not significant ( P = .06) decrease in depression existed at the end of 1 month. Eighty-two percent reported satisfaction with BEST (47% reported being bextremely satisfiedQ and 35% bsatisfiedQ). Conclusion: In this group of chronic pain patients, improvement in patient outcome measures was seen after 5 weeks of therapy. These patients also responded with a high degree of satisfaction with care. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:259-264