Amphilochidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

Two new species of Amphilochus, Amphilochus casahoya and Amphilochus delacaya, and one new species of Gitanopsis, Gitanopsis laguna, are described. Relationships within these genera, particularly Amphilochus, are difficult to determine. The new species, however, are similar to some eastern Pacific forms. One known species, Amphilochus neapolitanus is also reported as occurring in both the Gulf and Caribbean

Amphilochidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

Two new species of Amphilochus, Amphilochus casahoya and Amphilochus delacaya, and one new species of Gitanopsis, Gitanopsis laguna, are described. Relationships within these genera, particularly Amphilochus, are difficult to determine. The new species, however, are similar to some eastern Pacific forms. One known species, Amphilochus neapolitanus is also reported as occurring in both the Gulf and Caribbean

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of binary black hole coalescences confidently observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include the effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that have already been identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total source-frame mass M > 70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz emitted gravitational-wave frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place a conservative upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0 < e ≤ 0.3 at 16.9 Gpc−3 yr−1 at the 90% confidence level

Desempenho, eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes e estrutura do trato digestório de pintos de corte alimentados na fase pré-inicial com rações de diferentes formas físicas Performance, efficiency of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal structures of broiler chick fed in prestarter phase with ratios with different physical form

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho, a utilização dos nutrientes das rações e o desenvolvimento do trato disgestório de pintos de corte na primeira semana de vida. Foram utilizados 150 pintos machos Cobb distribuídos ao acaso em três tratamentos com cinco repetições de dez aves. Os tratamentos consistiram das formas físicas farelada, triturada e peletizada de uma ração pré-inicial comercial. Com exceção da moela, os órgãos do trato digestório e a estrutura morfométrica do intestino não foram influenciados pela forma física da ração. Maior digestibilidade do N foi obtida com a ração peletizada, enquanto a ração triturada possibilitou maior digestibilidade do EE. A energia metabolizável determinada para a ração farelada foi menor que a obtida nas demais formas físicas da ração. As aves alimentadas com raç��o farelada tiveram menor consumo de ração e ganho de peso e pior conversão alimentar. Ingeriram ainda menos energia, apresentaram menores retenções de proteína, gordura e energia corporal e utilizaram maior proporção da energia ingerida para produção de calor. As rações pré-iniciais na forma peletizada ou triturada possibilitam maior aproveitamento dos nutrientes da ração pelos pintos e melhor desempenho.<br>This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different physical form of pre-starter diet on performance, nutrient utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicks during the first week of age. A total of 150-day-old male broiler chicks was allotted to a completely randomized design with three treatments and five replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments consisted of three physical forms of a commercial pre-starter diet: mashed, crumbled and pressed into pellets. Except for gizzard, the other organs of the digestive tract and morphologic structures of the small intestine were not affected by the physical form of the diet. The highest N digestibility was observed in birds fed pellet diet, while crumbled diet showed the highest digestibility of EE. The metabolizable energy determined for mashed diet was lower than those determined for the other physical forms of the diet. Birds fed mashed diet had the lowest feed intake and body weight gain and the worse feed conversion. These birds also showed lower intake of energy and less protein, fat and energy retention in the body. They used a higher proportion of the energy consumed for heat production. Pre-starter diets prepared as pellets or crumbles allow better nutrient utilization and improve chick performance

Forma física, suplementação enzimática e nível nutricional de rações para frangos de corte na fase inicial: desempenho e digestibilidade dos nutrientes Physical form, enzymatic supplementation and nutritional levels of diet for broilers chickens in the initial phase: performance and nutrients digestibility

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, utilizando um total de 1.440 frangos de corte machos de 8 a 21 dias de idade, para avaliar a forma física da ração, o uso de enzimas e os níveis nutricionais em dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja. Foi adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 2, com duas formas físicas de ração (farelada ou triturada); sem ou com complexo enzimático (amilase, celulase e protease) e dois níveis nutricionais (95 ou 100% das recomendações). No experimento 1, 1.200 aves foram distribuídas nos oito tratamentos, com cinco repetições de 30 aves cada, para avaliação de consumo de ração, do ganho de peso e da conversão alimentar. Simultaneamente, realizou-se o experimento 2 (ensaio de metabolismo), no qual 240 aves receberam os tratamentos experimentais, com seis repetições de cinco aves cada. Aos 18 dias de idade, iniciou-se a coleta total de excretas, realizada uma vez ao dia, por três dias consecutivos, para determinação da energia metabolizável (EMAn) e dos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade de matéria seca (CMMS), proteína bruta (CMPB) e extrato etéreo das rações experimentais. A forma física da ração e o nível nutricional influenciaram o consumo de ração das aves, mas não o ganho de peso. Houve interação nível nutricional × forma física da ração para EMAn e metabolizabilidade da matéria seca e proteína bruta. A forma física melhora a energia e o CMMS enquanto as enzimas influenciam a metabolizabilidade da matéria seca e proteína bruta. Com exceção do CMPB, as demais características são influenciadas pelo nível nutricional da dieta.<br>A total of 1440 male broiler chickens from 8 to 21 days old was assigned to two experiments to evaluate the physical form of diet, use of enzymes and nutritional levels of corn-soybean meal based diets. A completely randomized design as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, two physical forms of diet (meal or crushed), with or without enzimatic complex (amylase, cellulase and protease) and two nutritional levels (95 or 100% of the recommendations), was used. In the experiment 1, 1200 birds were assigned to the eight treatments with five replicates of 30 chickens each, to evaluate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC). The experiment 2 was carried out simultaneously with the metabolism assay, when 240 birds were allotted to eight experimental treatments with six replicates of five birds each. The total excreta collection started at 18 days of age, once a day for three consecutive days, to determine the metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP) and ether extract of the experimental diets. The dietary physical form and nutritional level affected feed intake, but not weight gain. Dietary nutritional level × physical form interaction on AMEn and metabolizability of the dry matter and crude protein was also observed. The physical form improves energy and MCDM while the enzymes influence the metabolizability of dry matter and crude protein. Except for MCCP, the other characteristics are influenced by the dietary nutritional level

Atividade isoenzimática em plantas de trigo infectadas com o vírus SBWMV Isoenzymatic activity in wheat plants infected by virus SBWMV

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a atividade e a expressão isoenzimática das esterases, das peroxidases e das aspartato aminotransferases em função da infecção de plantas de trigo pelo Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV). Foram analisadas, aos 45 dias após a emergência, quatro cultivares e uma linhagem de trigo, com diferentes níveis de resistência ao SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 e PF 980524. De modo geral, ocorreram diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas intra e interpopulacional, quando comparadas plantas assintomáticas e sintomáticas ao SBWMV. Para o sistema esterase, nove padrões de bandas foram determinados e para peroxidase e aspartato aminotransferase foram detectados três padrões de bandas, para ambas as condições. Padrões eletroforéticos foram observados para plantas infectadas, quando comparadas com as não infectadas, destacando-se a atividade da esterase, o que permitiu identificar com maior precisão o estado metabólico e diferenciado das células.<br>The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of the Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) on the activity and on the isoenzymatic expression of esterases, peroxidases, and aspartate aminotranferases in wheat plants. Biochemical analyses were carried out for four cultivars and one line of wheat, 45 days after emergence with different levels of resistance to SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 and PF 980524. In general, intra and interpopulation differences in quality and quantity were detected, when comparing plants with and without symptoms of SBWMV. Nine band patterns were determined in both situations for esterase. To peroxidase and aspartato aminotransferase, three band patterns were detected for both conditions. Eletrophoretic patterns of SBWMV infected plants were observed, when compared with noninfected ones, notably for esterase, which provides a more precise identification of cell metabolic condition