Washington\u27s Way: Dispersed Enforcement of Growth Management Controls and the Crucial Role of NGOs

Though there is a valuable and extensive collection of literature on prawl efforts in both states, this Article examines Washington\u27s Growth Management Act and the critical role that NGOs play in supporting the GMA. Specifically, this Article looks at Washington\u27s GMA from three perspectives-legal, historical, and empirical and proposes that NGOs are vital to the GMA\u27s enforcement. Because NGOs are so critical to the enforcement of the GMA, the question of how the courts interpret the scope of authority of growth management hearing boards when deciding growth management cases becomes very important. A decrease in the authority of the hearing boards would restrict the NGO\u27s ability to act as the trustees of the GMA and enforce the GMA\u27s goals and requirements. Legal, historical, and empirical analyses are also central to an understanding of dispersed versus centralized growth management laws and the different enforcement powers given to GMA organizations

Washington\u27s Way: Dispersed Enforcement of Growth Management Controls and the Crucial Role of NGOs

Though there is a valuable and extensive collection of literature on prawl efforts in both states, this Article examines Washington\u27s Growth Management Act and the critical role that NGOs play in supporting the GMA. Specifically, this Article looks at Washington\u27s GMA from three perspectives-legal, historical, and empirical and proposes that NGOs are vital to the GMA\u27s enforcement. Because NGOs are so critical to the enforcement of the GMA, the question of how the courts interpret the scope of authority of growth management hearing boards when deciding growth management cases becomes very important. A decrease in the authority of the hearing boards would restrict the NGO\u27s ability to act as the trustees of the GMA and enforce the GMA\u27s goals and requirements. Legal, historical, and empirical analyses are also central to an understanding of dispersed versus centralized growth management laws and the different enforcement powers given to GMA organizations

Equity and Efficacy in Washington State\u27s GMA Affordable Housing Goal

This Essay considers the basis for the Growth Management Act’s affordable housing goal, considers the relationship between its achievement and the reduction of urban sprawl. It also links the Growth Management Act’s goal of an equitable distribution of housing resources to a fundamental social aspiration described by the United States Congress as a “decent home and living environment for all Americans.” Indeed, it will be argued that the economic disparity and inequity directly linked to urban sprawl—both a cause as well as an effect—are locked ineluctably to a pathological social process in which they feed upon each other. Continued environmental degradation, which has spawned the salmon crisis, has exacerbated the housing crisis, making more challenging its resolution. However, legislative gridlock frustrates efforts at crafting a strategic and regionally coordinated response to the challenge of affordable housing

Book Review: Lessons from Reconstruction for Libertarians: Betrayal and Illusion in the Struggle for Real Equality\u3cem\u3e No Easy Walk to Freedom: Reconstruction and the Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment\u3c/em\u3e by James E. Bond

With regard to the struggles of the newly freed slaves, Dean Bond\u27s study of the Reconstruction legislatures endorses the views of contemporary historians. These historians do not blame the freedman for failure to forge lasting instruments of liberation, instruments that might have transformed the formal equality promised by emancipation into a social order free of the stigmatizing racial oppression upon which American slavery, segregation, and racial oppression has been premised. Diligently researched and written, the book is of significant interest because of the coincidence of the author\u27s empathy with Afro-Americans and his unwavering and unequivocal affirmation of racial equality, principles which comfortably coexist with his political conservatism. Regrettably, however, his principled conservatism overlaps and sometimes embraces the very arguments that have traditionally and persistently been mounted to maintain the out-caste status of Americans of African descent

Gentrification and the Law: Combatting Urban Displacement

This Article stresses a push perspective in its examination of how these legally structured forces have stimulated the return of the gentry to the central urban areas of the United States