Myelin messenger ribonucleic acids : their association with the cytoskeleton and their subcellular distribution

This work presents an examination of the subcellular localization of the major myelin proteins of oligodendrocytes, and the messages that encode these proteins. The association of these messages with the cytoskeleton is also examined. All messages investigated show some degree of association with the cytoskeleton; Indeed messages encoding actin and tubulin are found exclusively bound to the cytoskeleton. In general a specific myelin message and its protein counterpart are found in the same area of the cell. This suggests that these messages are translated close to their targetted site. In most Instances the messages being probed by in situ hybridization are being sought for the first time in cells grown in tissue culture, and in some instances messages are being probed for the first time ever. In addition, the messages encoding DM-20 and PLP are found in different areas of the cell. As these are the products of a single gene, this suggests that there is a significant role to be played by differential splicing in individual cells. The role of cytoske1eton-mRNA association in the targetting and assembly of myelin proteins is discussed

Perspective in historical fiction by British writers

The thesis is that the best historical novels in Britain today make a lively and varied body of literature united by a concern for perspective. This is defined as a present point of view which respects the integrity of the past. The first chapter discusses the nature of their achieveient. Historical fiction has seen many ambitious failures in perspective, where the past has been distorted for the sake of modern causes. In recent decades, the value of realistic narrative and the possibility of historical objectivity have been widely questioned. The success of even a few writers in this genre shows a discrepancy: betteen the most challenging critical theories and the most original creative practice. The argument is continued in a series of critical studies. Two chapters examine Mary Renault's use of contemporary realism to follow the 'sightlines' of ancient cultures. The next two chapters discuss a different, Joycean or 'ludic' stand in fiction, in the vork of Anthony Burgess (Nothing Like the Sun and Napoleon Symphony) and Robert Nye (falstaff); it is argued that they share Mary Renault's sense of a real past vhich is not to be distorted. Chapter 6 shows that J.G. Farrell's trilogy about the British Empire is equally original and intelligent in perspective, while following different methods again. Chapter 7 contrasts John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman and William Golding's Rites of Passage - one novel which exhibits fashionable doubts about the hiscorical imagination, and one which effectively dispels them. These are impressive, if minor, works in a species of fiction which has always been difficult. Their quality shows that much recent talk about the death of the past and the death of the novel has been unduly pessimistic

Analysis of the composition of milk in the first three lactations in Ayrshire cattle across four decades.

Using historic lactation records for Ayrshire cattle, we report a gradual increase in the production of milk, butter fat and protein levels across four decades. This was generally at the extent of attaining a level of increase per decade which was similar to the increase seen between animals during their first and second lactations in the previous decade. However these increases were achieved without significantly affecting the percentage of butter fat or protein throughout the time examined, and also without changing the heifer : second lactation ratios

Interval running with self-selected recovery:Physiology, performance and perception

Item previously deposited in UWS repository at: https://research-portal.uws.ac.uk/en/publications/interval-running-with-self-selected-recovery-physiology-performanItem not available in this repository.Rosie Arthur – ORCID: 0000-0003-0651-4056 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-4056This study (1) compared the physiological responses and performance during a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session incorporating externally regulated (ER) and self-selected (SS) recovery periods and (2) examined the psychophysiological cues underpinning SS recovery durations. Following an incremental maximal exercise test to determine maximal aerobic speed (MAS), 14 recreationally active males completed 2 HIIT sessions on a non-motorised treadmill. Participants performed 12 × 30 s running intervals at a target intensity of 105% MAS interspersed with 30 s (ER) or SS recovery periods. During SS, participants were instructed to provide themselves with sufficient recovery to complete all 12 efforts at the required intensity. A semi-structured interview was undertaken following the completion of SS. Mean recovery duration was longer during SS (51 ± 15 s) compared to ER (30 ± 0 s; p < .001; d = 1.46 ± 0.46). Between-interval heart rate recovery was higher (SS: 19 ± 9 b min−1; ER: 8 ± 5 b min−1; p < .001; d = 1.43 ± 0.43) and absolute time ≥90% maximal heart rate (HRmax) was lower (SS: 335 ± 193 s; ER: 433 ± 147 s; p = .075; d = 0.52 ± 0.39) during SS compared to ER. Relative time ≥105% MAS was greater during SS (90 ± 6%) compared to ER (74 ± 20%; p < .01; d = 0.87 ± 0.40). Different sources of afferent information underpinned decision-making during SS. The extended durations of recovery during SS resulted in a reduced time ≥90% HRmax but enhanced time ≥105% MAS, compared with ER exercise. Differences in the afferent cue utilisation of participants likely explain the large levels of inter-individual variability observed.The authors wish to thank Oriam: Scotland’s National Performance Centre who provided funding to support a Masters studentship for Gary McEwan.https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.147281118pubpub

Regional repositories, reintermediation and the new GMS contract: cardiovascular disease in Tayside

Background The new contract for general medical practitioners will make increasing demands on the primary care informatics community. There are a number of potential ways to provide reports which meet the requirements for data on the quality of care being provided by practices. In Scotland there are four components of the national information technology strategy which make meaningful comparisons of data possible. Objective Using cardiovascular data as an example, to describe how the community health index number, managed clinical networks (MCNs), increasing consistency of Read codes, and regional repositories of data make the acquisition, processing and use of data more straightforward. Method The cardiovascular MCN collects the majority of its data electronically and four properties are crucial to its success: automatic collection of electronic data from many sources, prioritisation of data derived from multiple sources, record linkage processes, and manual validation of electronic data. Results Clinicians in primary and secondary care enter data during consultations and see the results of consultations recorded elsewhere. Because all data from the region are able to be Read coded according to prespecified templates, we are able to indicate to practices where they are in relation to the new contract targets and indicate which patients need to be seen, or excluded from, calculations. Conclusion Effectively integrated management is facilitated by provision of regular prompted recall and review of people with chronic disease by multidisciplinary teams collaborating across the health service and into the community. In Scotland, use of newer informatics tools are proving to be useful contributions from primary care computing to equitable, evidence-based care

Differentiating Identities Within an Extreme Sport: A Case Study of Mountain Biking Print Advertisements

The work of McEwan (2016) has questioned the assumed homogeneity of mountain biking in terms of culture and sporting values, leading to the suggestion that there may be differing patterns of identity within the various formats of the sport. This is also supported by McEwan and Weston (2017) findings, which advanced knowledge of the mountain biking industry by defining the differing pluralized segments within the market and highlighting their hierarchical nature in relation to the cost of products. This therefore leads to a question over whether differing markets are reflected in differing identities among varying consumer groups within the sport of mountain biking. Thus, this study sought to establish what these identity characteristics are through an analysis of a sample of mountain biking magazine advertisements (N = 568). The analysis was conducted using a sequential Ethnographic Content Analysis (Altheide, 1987) followed by a Quantitative Content Analysis (Berelson, 1952) mirroring the approaches used by Williams et al. (2010) and Cann (2012) in their studies of the portrayal of identity within magazine advertisements. Results of this analysis highlighted five identity characteristics (places of play, equipment functionality, risk taking, competitiveness, activity aesthetics), three of which varied significantly between differing formats of mountain biking (risk taking, competitiveness, activity aesthetics). Activity aesthetic was established as a component of risk-taking rather than an independent identity characteristic and therefore risk taking along with competitiveness formed the basis of a refined four-format activity categorization within mountain biking and the production of a model of participant archetypes

Regional repositories, reintermediation and the new GMS contract: cardiovascular disease in Tayside

Background The new contract for general medical practitioners will make increasing demands on the primary care informatics community. There are a number of potential ways to provide reports which meet the requirements for data on the quality of care being provided by practices. In Scotland there are four components of the national information technology strategy which make meaningful comparisons of data possible. Objective Using cardiovascular data as an example, to describe how the community health index number, managed clinical networks (MCNs), increasing consistency of Read codes, and regional repositories of data make the acquisition, processing and use of data more straightforward. Method The cardiovascular MCN collects the majority of its data electronically and four properties are crucial to its success: automatic collection of electronic data from many sources, prioritisation of data derived from multiple sources, record linkage processes, and manual validation of electronic data. Results Clinicians in primary and secondary care enter data during consultations and see the results of consultations recorded elsewhere. Because all data from the region are able to be Read coded according to prespecified templates, we are able to indicate to practices where they are in relation to the new contract targets and indicate which patients need to be seen, or excluded from, calculations. Conclusion Effectively integrated management is facilitated by provision of regular prompted recall and review of people with chronic disease by multidisciplinary teams collaborating across the health service and into the community. In Scotland, use of newer informatics tools are proving to be useful contributions from primary care computing to equitable, evidence-based care

Development of a fixative protocol using formaldehyde and gluteraldehyde for preservation of microbial art on agar plates.

Agar art bridges the gap between science and art, using microbes instead of paint. Afterwards, the art can change in response to microbial fluctuation, meaning preservation of the original art is essential. Here, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were investigated as preservatives, involving techniques used in healthcare settings to preserve samples. Formaldehyde was tested at 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.7%, w/v, whereas glutaraldehyde was tested at 1% and 2.5%, w/v. Both compounds and respective concentrations were tested for different time periods. Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphlococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus were used as bacteria for "drawing" the works of art. The effectiveness of fixation was determined using integrated densities and visual assessment. Initially, both compounds showed potential promise, albeit with a loss of bacteria. Ser. marcescens was prone to colour changes and glutaraldehyde caused discolouration of agar and bacteria. These could be caused by a pH decrease in the agar, due to residual free aldehyde groups. Reduction of this was tested using 300 mM sodium metabisulfite to neutralize excess aldehydes. This initially led to reduced bacterial loss and avoided colour changes, however measurements 24 h post-fixation showed colour loss to some bacterial clusters. This study found that, depending on the species, use of at least 2% formaldehyde for a short fixation period (typically 1 min) was the most promising approach for the preservation of art. Given the success of this with different bacteria, it would make a good starting combination for anyone trying to fix agar art; depending on the bacterial species used, methodology refinement may be needed for optimisation. This study shows successful fixation and preservation of different bacterial species on agar for the first time. The impact of this is to preserve agar art while making it safe and non-infective to those in contact with the microbial art