An index test for intermediate grades on social studies books.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Introductory Lectures on Turbulence: Physics, Mathematics and Modeling

From Chapter 1: The understanding of turbulent behavior in flowing fluids is one of the most intriguing, frustrating— and important—problems in all of classical physics. The problem of turbulence has been studied by many of the greatest physicists and engineers of the 19th and 20th Centuries, and yet we do not understand in complete detail how or why turbulence occurs, nor can we predict turbulent behavior with any degree of reliability, even in very simple (from an engineering perspective) flow situations. Thus, study of turbulence is motivated both by its inherent intellectual challenge and by the practical utility of a thorough understanding of its nature.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_textbooks/1001/thumbnail.jp

Lectures in Computational Fluid Dynamics of Incompressible Flow: Mathematics, Algorithms and Implementations

From Prologue: The present lecture notes are written to emphasize the mathematics of the Navier–Stokes (N.–S.) equations of incompressible flow and the algorithms that have been developed over the past 30 years for solving them.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_textbooks/1003/thumbnail.jp

Lectures on Computational Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations

From Chapter 1: The purpose of these lectures is to present a set of straightforward numerical methods with applicability to essentially any problem associated with a partial differential equation (PDE) or system of PDEs independent of type, spatial dimension or form of nonlinearity.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_textbooks/1002/thumbnail.jp

Lectures In Elementary Fluid Dynamics: Physics, Mathematics and Applications

From Chapter 1: It takes little more than a brief look around for us to recognize that fluid dynamics is one of the most important of all areas of physics—life as we know it would not exist without fluids, and without the behavior that fluids exhibit. It is the goal of these lecture notes to help students in this process of gaining an understanding of, and an appreciation for, fluid motion—what can be done with it, what it might do to you, how to analyze and predict it.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_textbooks/1000/thumbnail.jp

Health Website Evaluation - An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Perspective: Assessing Quality and Cultrability of Health Websites in a Covid-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review.

Introduction Health Websites have been used to improve the health and wellbeing of people since the internet was widely available to the world’s populations. The development of websites by health practitioners, hospitals, and governments has continued to grow over the past 20 years. Due to the restriction of movement and gatherings for populations globally caused by Covid-19, there has been a reliance on health information being disseminated via health websites. However, there has been little investigation into the appropriateness of health websites for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Aim Review literature on digital resources and evaluate health websites based on functionality, navigation, and usability. Assess the cultrability of the website design from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective and develop some evidence-based principles that can be used when designing and developing health websites for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Method The literature review explores essential website evaluation criteria and frameworks for assessing design, functionality, navigation, and usability. In addition, literature search for website evaluations of global Indigenous cultural appropriate design and content. The literature search accessed several databases i.e., Emerald, EBSCOhost, Medline Ovid, CINHAL and Google Scholar. Additional searches using Clinical Knowledge Networks Federation accessed through the Townsville Hospital Health Library. The search produced a total of 534 articles, and 14 were deemed relevant for inclusion. Discussion The thematic analysis identified that Indigenous global presence on the Internet has been extensive, and the most successful examples were developed in collaboration with Indigenous Peoples. A comprehensive evaluation of website content is paramount in validating the appropriateness of communication and engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. A customer/end user model of evaluation is the recommended type of evaluation for websites intending to target Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. There are significant challenges for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People navigating digital technology and websites, especially families living in rural and remote areas. These difficulties are not being addressed by services or governments to alleviate these barriers. Conclusion Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are actively involved in digital technology and websites, however their experience on the internet has been challenging and disempowering. The evidence provided alluded to negative experiences and constant challenges to have a growing presence in the digital space. The studies showed no evidence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People’s experience of website design, or development, which demonstrated positive outcomes or future developments in this area. Improving health, health literacy and health services will take a collaborative effort across all areas of health and education. Indigenous knowledges in all its forms must be protected and respected through intellectual property and reciprocity with websites and digital resources

Validation and clinical implementation of an accurate Monte Carlo code for pencil beam scanning proton therapy.

Monte Carlo (MC)-based dose calculations are generally superior to analytical dose calculations (ADC) in modeling the dose distribution for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatments. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for commissioning and validating an accurate MC code for PBS utilizing a parameterized source model, including an implementation of a range shifter, that can independently check the ADC in commercial treatment planning system (TPS) and fast Monte Carlo dose calculation in opensource platform (MCsquare). The source model parameters (including beam size, angular divergence and energy spread) and protons per MU were extracted and tuned at the nozzle exit by comparing Tool for Particle Simulation (TOPAS) simulations with a series of commissioning measurements using scintillation screen/CCD camera detector and ionization chambers. The range shifter was simulated as an independent object with geometric and material information. The MC calculation platform was validated through comprehensive measurements of single spots, field size factors (FSF) and three-dimensional dose distributions of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs), both without and with the range shifter. Differences in field size factors and absolute output at various depths of SOBPs between measurement and simulation were within 2.2%, with and without a range shifter, indicating an accurate source model. TOPAS was also validated against anthropomorphic lung phantom measurements. Comparison of dose distributions and DVHs for representative liver and lung cases between independent MC and analytical dose calculations from a commercial TPS further highlights the limitations of the ADC in situations of highly heterogeneous geometries. The fast MC platform has been implemented within our clinical practice to provide additional independent dose validation/QA of the commercial ADC for patient plans. Using the independent MC, we can more efficiently commission ADC by reducing the amount of measured data required for low dose "halo" modeling, especially when a range shifter is employed

A critical assessment of Sir John Thomas Jones’ ‘Journals of the Sieges undertaken by the allies in Spain in the years 1811 and 1812’

During the Peninsular War (1808-1814) the Anglo-Portuguese army conducted seven major sieges in its struggle with the French invaders. In 1814 brevet Lieutenant-Colonel John Thomas Jones published Journals of the Sieges undertaken by the allies in Spain in the years 1811 and 1812 about the conduct of the sieges. Because Jones was a high-ranking Royal Engineer who had served in five sieges Journals of the Sieges … became the yardstick by which all other accounts were judged. In the 200 years since its publication more and more sources of information about the sieges have become available to researchers, from the publication of personal diaries or memoirs to the opening of various archives to the public. Yet despite this wealth of information many British (English language) historians still have an uncritical view of Journals of the Sieges and have made no attempt to check on the accuracy of its contents. This thesis is a critical assessment of Jones’ Journals of the Sieges, to examine how it became to be regarded in such an uncritical light, if Jones is a reliable historian of the sieges and are his conclusions valid? Much of this thesis is an examination of the evidence presented by Jones in Journals of the Sieges compared with evidence gleaned from a variety of other sources that include Jones’s personal journal, journals of other engineers present at the sieges and several French sources. However, because not many people are au fait with the details of early C19th fortifications or the processes involved in siege-warfare my thesis contains a chapter, which covers these issues. It also discusses the history, training and practical experience of both the French military engineers and their British counterparts. Such a comparison underlines the gulf in training and practical between the different sets of engineers. Besides literary sources, I decided to examine the physical remains at Badajoz and Ciudad Rodrigo to see if I could learn anything that had been omitted from the written accounts and to check whether the breach sites chosen by the engineers were the best available options. As Wellington was in overall command it was felt necessary to examine his role in the decisions made during the sieges, to see if they had a positive or negative impact on the sieges. At the conclusion of this thesis, I will draw together all the evidence from the literary sources, the field survey data and the exploration of Wellington’s involvement with the decisions made during the sieges to answer the three questions I set out in the introduction

Aboriginal Men’s Business: A Literature Review of Factors Affecting Aboriginal Men Accessing Sexual Health Services

Introduction: Aboriginal men are relatively young, with a median age of 22 years, nearly half that of their non-Aboriginal counterparts. Aboriginal men also have the highest mortality rates and have the lowest life expectancy. Sexually Transmissible Infection (STI) rates are extremely overrepresented in lower socio-economic groups, including minority populations. STI rates among Aboriginal communities are significantly higher when compared to the non-Aboriginal population. Aims: In the context of multiple factors impinging on the sexual health of Aboriginal men, we sought to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature for the purpose of developing a framework through which needs and actions to improve sexual health could be identified and understood. Methods: A targeted, comprehensive search strategy was developed using keywords and synonyms related to the aims of the project. The search included scholarly peer reviewed academic literature available and grey literature from the Wollongong Hospital and the NSW Health library. The search was made more efficient by entering search terms into the Deakin University EBSCOhost search engine, and Google Scholar was searched separately. Grey literature searching was conducted with Clinical Information Access Portal (CIAP), Informit and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Results: The search produced a total number of 385 papers from peer reviewed publications and grey literature. A total of 95 duplicates were removed, leaving 290 papers. After incorporating the screening process, exclusion and inclusion criteria, the total number of articles selected for review was 31 articles. Discussion: The thematic analysis identified that cultural considerations of Aboriginal ‘Men’s business’ involving traditional lifestyle, cultural practices and the impact of colonisation were only briefly covered in the included studies. The findings of the literature review indicated that Aboriginal men’s health is deeply influenced by their socio-economic status and cultural wellbeing. This review provided limited findings relating to service provision support for Aboriginal men. Conclusion: Overall, this review presented several concerning factors and evidence of the difficulties for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men accessing sexual health services. Literature identified the long-standing health statistics and deterioration of health and social and emotional wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. While both mainstream health and non-government services are offering limited provision of culturally safe and appropriate healthcare pathways