Advocating a New Approach to Governing Water, Energy, and Food Security: Testing the Effects of Message Inoculation and Conclusion Explicitness in the Case of the WEF Nexus

Message sidedness, including its later format inoculation, and conclusion explicitness have been identified by researchers as two prominent message factors that may influence advocating effects. Two-sided messages, which contain both supporting and opposing information about the issue, particularly those containing inoculation components that refute the negative side, are found to be more effective than one-sided messages. Messages with explicit conclusions are also found to be more persuasive than those that let the audience draw the conclusions themselves. This study tested the persuasion effectiveness of message inoculation and conclusion explicitness on a new scientific concept, the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus, of which the public has little knowledge. This study used five randomly assigned groups (total N = 524) and found that messages with explicit conclusions are more persuasive than those with implicit conclusions; however, it found no difference between the effectiveness of one-sided messages and of refutational two-sided messages. The study suggests that a clear conclusion is necessary to communicate the WEF nexus for a better approach to managing the megacrisis of water, energy, and food security

Effects of training and albuterol on pain and fatigue in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Contains fulltext : 51802.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND : We recently reported a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of strength training and the beta2-adrenergic agonist albuterol in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Strength training and albuterol appeared safe interventions with limited positive effect on muscle strength and volume. We concurrently explored the prevalence and the characteristics of pain and fatigue in the participating FSHD patients, because these are probably underreported but clinically relevant symptoms in this disorder. Next, we studied the effects of albuterol and strength training on pain, experienced fatigue, health-related functional status and psychological distress. METHODS : Sixty-five patients were randomised to strength training of elbow flexors and ankle dorsiflexors or non-training. After 26 weeks, albuterol (sustained-release, 8 mg bid) was added in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Outcomes comprised self-reported pain, experienced fatigue, functional status and psychological distress obtained with validated questionnaires at 52 weeks. RESULTS : Eighty percent of patients reported chronic persistent or periodic, multifocal pains. Thirty-four percent of the participants were severely fatigued. Strength training and albuterol failed to have a significant effect on all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS : Pain and fatigue are important features in FSHD. Strength training and albuterol do not have a positive or negative effect on pain, experienced fatigue, functional status and psychological distress

Learning Criminal Procedure: Adjudication

Learning Criminal Procedure: Adjudication teaches students the law that governs the “bail to jail” process of criminal prosecutions. It draws on both the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and Supreme Court case law to present clear, succinct rules for each topic and summaries of actual cases to illustrate how the rules operate in practice. Each topic includes a clear, straightforward description of the binding legal rules, illustrations of how the rules are applied using examples and summaries of cases, and longer excerpts of the leading Supreme Court cases. The book highlights evolving or ambiguous areas of the law, and provides scores of review questions so that students can test their mastery of each issue. The book\u27s authors build on their combined decades of practical experience to explain the law in plain language and explore the policy justifications behind the rules.https://digitalcommons.law.udc.edu/fac_books/1000/thumbnail.jp

Estudios de casos Ecuador. Proyecto integrado de desarrollo agropecuario Qimiag-Penipe, Ecuador

114 páginas.Describe y explica un proyecto integrado de desarrollo agropecuario ejecutado en la zona de Quimiag-Penipe, ubicada en el extremo nororiental de la Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Señala que este proyecto de desarrollo rural utiliza un enfoque y una metodología distinta a la tradicional, abarcando simultáneamente algunos componentes del desarrollo rural. Tiene como objetivo último el desarrollo humanista de los pequeños y medianos agricultores, convirtiéndoles en sujetos activos y participantes en todas las actividades del proyecto. El contenido informativo descrito y analizado está estructurado bajo el siguiente esquema: 1) origen del Proyecto; 2) diseño del Proyecto; 3) revisión, negociación y aprobación del Proyecto; 4) ejecución del Proyecto; 5) futuro del Proyecto y su absorción por el país; 6) conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre la ejecución del Proyecto