Weaning Age and Management Systems for Fall Born Beef Calves

Seventeen registered Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn cows calved in September, 1972. The cows calved on pasture and remained on pasture until early November. From November 10 to December 29, the cows were bred for 1973 fall calves. On December 29, 1972, one-half of the calves were weaned and started on a self-fed ration. The remaining one-half of the calves were allowed to continue nursing the cows, but the calves also had access to a creep feeder containing the same ration used for the weaned calves. At the start of the experiment the calves were randomly divided by sex, breed and age. At this time, December 29, 1972, the average age of all calves was 115 days and they averaged 250 lb. in weight. The experiment was conducted over a 90-day winter feeding period which was initiated on December 29, 1972, and was completed on March 29, 1973. The early weaned calves made an average per head daily gain of 2.49 lb. over the 90-day period and the nursing calves gained 2.35 lb. daily. The early weaned calves averaged 470 lb. per head at 205 days of age and the nursing calves averaged 465 lb

Weaning Age and Management Systems For Fall Born Beef Calves

Twenty-five registered Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn cows calved in September, 1971. The cows calved on pasture and remained on pasture until early November. From November 12 to December 29, the cows were bred for 1972 fall calves. On December 29, 1971, one-half of the calves were weaned and started on a self-fed ration. The remaining one-half of the calves were allowed to continue nursing the cows, but the calves also had access to a calf creep feeder containing the same ration used for the weaned calves. At the start of the experiment the calves were randomly divided by sex, breed and age. At this time, December 29, 1971, the average age of all calves was 114 days and they averaged 257 lb. in weight

Weaning Age and Management Systems for Fall Born Beef Calves

Twenty-eight registered Angus and Hereford cows calved in September, 1970. The cows calved on pasture and remained on pasture until late November. From November 10 to December 28 the cows were bred for 1971 and started on a self-fed diet. The remaining 14, or one-half of the calves, were allowed to continue nursing the cows, but the calves also had access to calf creep with the same diet used for the weaned calves. At the start of the experiment the calves were randomly divided by sex, breed and age. At this time, December 30, 1970, the average age of all calves was 106 days and they averaged 218 lb. in weight

Weaning Age and Management Systems for Fall Born Beef Calves

Twenty-eight registered Angus and Hereford cows calved in September, 1970. The cows calved on pasture and remained on pasture until late November. From November 10 to December 28 the cows were bred for 1971 and started on a self-fed diet. The remaining 14, or one-half of the calves, were allowed to continue nursing the cows, but the calves also had access to calf creep with the same diet used for the weaned calves. At the start of the experiment the calves were randomly divided by sex, breed and age. At this time, December 30, 1970, the average age of all calves was 106 days and they averaged 218 lb. in weight

Cara Michele McCone in a Senior Mezzo-Soprano Recital

This is the program for the senior mezzo-soprano recital of Cara Michele McCone. Ms. McCone was accompanied by Camille Brown on the piano. This recital took place on March 12, 2004, in the McBeth Recital Hall in the Mabee Fine Arts Center

Time and Tide : A Study of the Conflicting Concepts of Time of the Dakota Indian and Western Civilization

The Indian peoples of the Americas, as well as non-literate peoples around the world, have been swept or are being swept from their cultural moorings by their contacts with ‘white’ civilization. These cultures, whose values center around permanence and patience, have been engulfed in an expanding social order which exalts change. Impelled by its time oriented concepts of progress, opportunity, profit, speed, and efficiency, civilization’s contacts with familizational cultures have been uprooting, breaking, and crushing. The problem of this study shall be to define the Dakota concept of time, to distinguish it from that of Western civilization, and to discover the implications which their differences present to the personality and the culture pattern of the Dakota Indian. If it is possible to define the concept of time of each culture, it then becomes the problem to discover why cultures should have different concepts of time; why that of one culture should present difficulties to another culture; why the Dakota should find it difficult to learn the Western concept of time; and why the Dakota concept of time should continue when it involves the Indian in so many difficulties. If culture theory can be developed to account for these time problems, it should serve to analyze the conditions of culture conflict such as, resistance to change, disorganization, and assimilation. This analysis constitutes the conclusion of this study

Systems of Producing Fat Yearlings for South Dakota

About twelve billion pounds of dressed beef and veal were produced in the United States in 1947 through the conversion of grassland crops into meat by cattle and these cattle lead all classes of American livestock in the consumption of grass and grassland crops. Grass usually represents the principal and cheapest feed for beef cattle. They utilize about one third of the permanent pastures and three fourths of the range areas. Pastures may be regarded as a costly source of feed only on highly productive farm lands, but their use in rotation with cultivated crops on such land is certain to continue and be expanded as a sound practice

Winter Feeding Requirements for Beef Cows During Cold Weather Stress

In finishing rations for cattle and sheep, experimental data have shown that feed requirements increase when the weather is cold or windy. Relatively high priced proteins are wasted when a high energy feed is more suited for cattle under stress due to cold temperatures. Research has aided in furnishing winter feeding guidelines for finishing cattle, but very limited work has been done on winter feeding for pregnant beef cows. These requirements may vary due to stresses of relatively low weather temperatures. By collecting cow weights, calving and breeding data, the effects of varied winter cow rations can be evaluated

Alfalfa Silage Effect of Storage Methods on Feeding Value and on Preservation of Nutrients

Feeding trials using beef cattle were conducted with baled alfalfa hay and with alfalfa silage stored in the stack, trench, and upright silo. Based upon feed costs at the time of storage, the average feed costs per 100 pounds of gain for the several experiments were as follows: baled hay, $18.70; upright silo,$22.35; trench silo, $30.58; and stack silo,$33.58. The greatly increased costs in the case of the trench and stack were the result of excessive fermentation and spoilage losses because air was not properly excluded. The chemical composition of the dry matter of the various silages was quite similar. However, the spoilage was considerably different in its composition from the edib]e silage. This was especially true where chemical determinations of digestibility were made, the values for the spoiled silage being very low. Dry matter and nutrient losses were determined on hay and the various silages for 1 year\u27s work. The amount of loss was largest when air was not properly excluded (stack and trench). This work emphasizes the need to provide storage for alfalfa silage of a type which will prevent exposure to air for satisfactory preservation of nutrients. In deciding what type of storage to use, the operator should consider this as well as the many other factors related to cost and convenience

Fattening Yearling Beef Cattle on Pasture

Many feeders are following the practice of fattening beef cattle on pasture. To aid the producer in planning his feeding program, research was conducted on various methods of using the feeds available on most South Dakota farms. Other experiment stations have shown the worth of limited winter feeding, followed by using maximum amounts of grass, in the production of fat yearlings. The present study is a report on the suitability of this method under South Dakota conditions and with locally grown feeds. Research was planned to study: (1) the efficiency of various South Dakota roughages in rations for wintering beef calves, and (2) the practicability and economy of fattening these calves on grass as yearlings. Feeding trials were designed to measure the beef producing capacity, on a per acre basis, of two types of pasture common in South Dakota. This information should be beneficial in planning a pasture and crop rotation system which will result in greater over-all farm production for this area. The experiment divided itself naturally into two parts, a winter phase and a summer phase, which will be discussed separately