Celtic FC’s 1967 Lisbon Lions:Why the European Cup victory of the first club from Britain was a defining moment for the Irish diaspora in Scotland

In 1967, in Lisbon, Celtic Football Club, won the European Cup becoming the first club outside of Portugal, Spain and Italy to win it. The win was and is totemic for the Irish Catholic immigrant community in Scotland that has historically supported Celtic. We suggest the significance of the win reveals intersections of ethnicity, religion, nationalism, and the politics of ‘sectarianism’ in Scotland. During a period of discriminatory practices and attitudes towards Irish descended Catholics in Scotland, this iconic win for a Scottish based club born of Irish Catholics personified for this diaspora that (on one level) their day had arrived. This article explores the socio-cultural significance and legacy of ‘Lisbon 67ʹ for insider and outsider groups in Scotland. We reveal that soccer remains a central component of group memory connecting the past, present and future. We suggest Celtic’s win offered confidence and hope to a marginalized group within Scotland

Disc starts: the pectoral disc of stingrays promotes omnidirectional fast starts across the substrate

We explored how the flattened and rounded pectoral disc of the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro, MĂźller Henle 1841) enables them to utilize the benthic plane during fast-start escape. Escape responses were elicited via prodding different locations around the pectoral disc, and recorded using video. Modulation of pectoral fin movements that power swimming enabled omnidirectional escape across the substrate, with similar performance in all directions of escape. Hence, translation of the body did not necessarily have to follow the orientation of the head, overcoming the constraint of a rigid body-axis. An increase in prod speed was associated with an increase in initial translational speed and acceleration away from the prod. As prod location shifted towards the snout, yaw rotation increased, eventually reorienting the fish into a forward swimming position away from the prod. Further, stingrays yawed with essentially zero turning radius, allowing reorientation of the head with simultaneous rapid translation away from the prod, and yaw rate during escape was substantially greater than reported during routine swimming for stingrays. We conclude that stingrays employ a distinctive approach to escape along the substrate, which we have termed disc starts, that results in effective manoeuvrability across the benthic environment despite limited longitudinal flexibility of the body, and challenges the concept of manoeuvrability typically used for fishes.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Phosphatidylcholesterol bilayers. A model for phospholipid-cholesterol interaction

Aqueous dispersions of monovalent and divalent cation salts of O-(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl) cholesterol form multilamellar vesicles as shown by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, by electron micrographs of the negatively stained liposomes, and by swelling curves of liposomes in hypoosmotic medium. Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that aqueous dispersions of divalent metal salts of O-(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl)-cholesterol undergo a characteristic thermotropic phase transition with a relatively large cooperative unit (n > 250 for the calcium salt). In contrast, monovalent cation salts of O-(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoryl)cholesterol do not show a thermotropic phase transition under comparable conditions. The molecular area of O-(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl)cholesterol in a monolayer is the same in the presence and absence of Ca2+, and is virtually equal to the area of an equimolar mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid and cholesterol. To account for the novel state induced by Ca2+ on aqueous dispersions of O-(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl)cholesterol (i.e., bilayer organization and highly cooperative phase transition), a linear array model is proposed in which Ca2+ bridges adjacent arrays of O-(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl)cholesterol molecules, thus freezing the acyl chains in their normal state. One of the main corollaries of the model is that the cooperative unit for a thermotropic phase transition is essentially one-dimensional, rather than a two-dimensional matrix. O-(1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl)cholesterol is proposed as an orientationally and conformationally restricted analog of glycerophospholipid plus cholesterol in bilayers

Class I Rab11-family interacting proteins are binding targets for the Rab14 GTPase

Background information. Rab11 and Rab14 are two related Rab GTPases that are believed to function in endosomal recycling and Golgi/endosome transport processes. We, and others, have identified a group of proteins that interact with Rab11 and function as Rab11 effectors, known as the Rab11-FIPs (family interacting proteins). This protein family has been sub-classified into two groups - class I FIPs [FIP2, RCP (Rab coupling protein) and Rip11 (Rab11 interacting protein)] and class II FIPs (FIP3 and FIP4). Results. In the present study we identify the class I FIPs as dual Rab-binding proteins by demonstrating that they also interact with Rab14 in a GTP-dependent manner. We show that these interactions are specific for the class I FIPs and that they occur via their C-terminal regions, which encompass the previously described RBD (Rab11 binding domain). Furthermore, we show that Rab14 significantly co-localizes with the TfnR (transferrin receptor) and that Rab14 Q70L co-localizes with Rab11 a and with the class I FIPs on the ERC (endosomal recycling compartment) during interphase. Additionally, we show that during cytokinesis Rab14 localizes to the cleavage furrow/midbody. Conclusions. The data presented in the present study, which identifies the class I FIPs as the first putative effector proteins for the Rab14 GTPase, indicates greater complexity in the Rab-binding specificity of the class I FIP proteins

The Humbly Grove, Herriard and Hester’s Copse Fields, UK onshore

The Humbly Grove Field has, for the UK, a unique development history. It was discovered as an oilfield in May 1980 and produced as an oilfield until 2000 along with small satellite fields Herriard (developed) and Hester's Copse (not developed). Peak production of 2219 bopd was achieved during July 1986 but, by October 1988, the rate had fallen to around 1000 bopd, a rate that was more or less maintained until October 1995 after which the production fell rapidly. At this point the decision was taken to reconfigure the field as a gas storage facility. Significant renewed pressure depletion occurred between 2000 and 2005, following which first cushion and then storage gas was injected into two reservoirs: the Middle Jurassic, Great Oolite Group and the uppermost Triassic, Rhaetian Westbury Formation. Gas storage operations commenced in 2005 and the reservoirs have undergone cyclical gas injection and gas withdrawal since that date. The cyclical injection of gas and re-pressuring of the Great Oolite reservoir causes mobile oil to be swept towards dedicated oil production wells. This operates effectively as an enhanced oil recovery scheme. The co-produced liquid hydrocarbons provide a valuable secondary income stream for the field