Factors Related to Police Staffing

This study explores data related to police staffing through a convenience sample of 68 American police departments. The relationship between police officer staffing, and exogenous variables such as crime, population, calls for service, and endogenous variables such as workload, response time, patrol deployment and service times was explored. The results indicate that the percentage of officers assigned to patrol, violent crime, the rate of calls for service, and summer response time are significantly related to the size of a police department. In addition, the study introduces workload variables that could be useful in understanding service demands and staffing decisions in local police departments in the United States and explores factors related to police staffing

Letter to Randolph Evans Regarding the Lack of a Flag Pole

Copy of a letter to Randolf Evans from the Chairman of Americanism Committee regarding the lack of a flag pole in the architect\u27s plan

The International Implications of Quality-of-Life Policing as Practiced in New York City

The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has made enforcement of laws against disorder and quality-of-life offenses a central part of its policing strategy. Concomitantly, New York City (NYC) experienced a renaissance in orderliness, cleanliness, tourism, real estate value, and crime reduction, although other problems such as poverty, unemployment, drug abuse, racial tensions, and homelessness persist. This paper examines quality-of-life policing practices in NYC, describes the philosophical underpinnings, explores the critical response to the program, and presents lessons of potential relevance to other policing organizations in the USA and around the world

CA19-9 as a Potential Target for Radiolabeled Antibody-Based Positron Emission Tomography of Pancreas Cancer.

Introduction. Sensitive and specific imaging of pancreas cancer are necessary for accurate diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The vast majority of pancreas cancers express the carbohydrate tumor antigen CA19-9. The goal of this study was to determine the potential to target CA19-9 with a radiolabeled anti-CA19-9 antibody for imaging pancreas cancer. Methods. CA19-9 was quantified using flow cytometry on human pancreas cancer cell lines. An intact murine anti-CA19-9 monoclonal antibody was labeled with a positron emitting radionuclide (Iodine-124) and injected into mice harboring antigen positive and negative xenografts. MicroPET/CT were performed at successive time intervals (72 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours) after injection. Radioactivity was measured in blood and tumor to provide objective confirmation of the images. Results. Antigen expression by flow cytometry revealed approximately 1.3 × 10(6) CA19-9 antigens for the positive cell line and no expression in the negative cell line. Pancreas xenograft imaging with Iodine-124-labeled anti-CA19-9 mAb demonstrated an average tumor to blood ratio of 5 and positive to negative tumor ratio of 20. Conclusion. We show in vivo targeting of our antigen positive xenograft with a radiolabeled anti-CA19-9 antibody. These data demonstrate the potential to achieve anti-CA19-9 antibody based positron emission tomography of pancreas cancer

The Pracademic and Academic in Criminal Justice Education: A Qualitative Analysis

Over the past several years, a few hundred colleagues involved in criminal justice education have participated in panel discussions and roundtables to discuss the trials and issues that have been observed by practitioners turned academics, or “pracademics.” Some complained of having difficulty breaking into academia. A debate has occurred in a number of colleges and universities over the benefit of having faculty with traditional academic credentials versus hiring non-traditional scholars with a blend of educational and practical experience. Similarly, there have been lively discussions over the appropriateness of a J.D. or professional doctorate as opposed to a Ph.D. in criminal justice. This debate started in an article in ACJS Today (2002) and continued in subsequent publications. It is believed that there is importance, benefit and relevance to incorporating practical experience on college and university campuses. In academic program after program, internships, externships, observation, and practicums have become essential in preparing students for the real world

Prevalence of Illicit Use and Abuse of Prescription Stimulants, Alcohol, and Other Drugs Among College Students: Relationship with Age at Initiation of Prescription Stimulants

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90112/1/phco.27.5.666.pd

Targeting CEA in Pancreas Cancer Xenografts with a Mutated scFv-Fc Antibody Fragment

BackgroundSensitive antibody-based tumor targeting has the potential not only to image metastatic and micrometastatic disease, but also to be the basis of targeted therapy. The vast majority of pancreas cancers express carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Thus, we sought to evaluate the potential of CEA as a pancreatic cancer target utilizing a rapidly clearing engineered anti-CEA scFv-Fc antibody fragment with a mutation in the Fc region [anti-CEA scFv-Fc H310A].MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) with the antibody fragment was used to confirm expression of CEA on human pancreas cancer specimens. In vivo tumor targeting was evaluated by tail vein injection of I124-labeled anti-CEA scFv-Fc(H310A) into mice harboring CEA-positive and -negative xenografts. MicroPET/CT imaging was performed at successive time intervals. Radioactivity in blood and tumor was measured after the last time point. Additionally, unlabeled anti-CEA scFv-Fc(H310A) was injected into CEA-positive tumor bearing mice and ex vivo IHC was performed to identify the presence of the antibody to define the microscopic intratumoral pattern of targeting.ResultsModerate to strong staining by IHC was noted on 84% of our human pancreatic cancer specimens and was comparable to staining of our xenografts. Pancreas xenograft imaging with the radiolabeled anti-CEA scFv-Fc(H310A) antibody demonstrated average tumor/blood ratios of 4.0. Immunolocalization demonstrated peripheral antibody fragment penetration of one to five cell diameters (0.75 to 1.5 μm).ConclusionsWe characterized a preclinical xenograft model with respect to CEA expression that was comparable to human cases. We demonstrated that the anti-CEA scFv-Fc(H310A) antibody exhibited antigen-specific tumor targeting and shows promise as an imaging and potentially therapeutic agent

Association Between Public Reporting of Outcomes With Procedural Management and Mortality for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

AbstractBackgroundPublic reporting of procedural outcomes may create disincentives to provide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for critically ill patients.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the association between public reporting with procedural management and outcomes among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified all patients with a primary diagnosis of AMI in states with public reporting (Massachusetts and New York) and regionally comparable states without public reporting (Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont) between 2005 and 2011. Procedural management and in-hospital outcomes were stratified by public reporting.ResultsAmong 84,121 patients hospitalized with AMI, 57,629 (69%) underwent treatment in a public reporting state. After multivariate adjustment, percutaneous revascularization was performed less often in public reporting states than in nonreporting states (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67 to 0.96), especially among older patients (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.91), those with Medicare insurance (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.91), and those presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.71) or concomitant cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.70). Overall, patients with AMI in public reporting states had higher adjusted in-hospital mortality rates (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.37) than those in nonreporting states. This was observed predominantly in patients who did not receive percutaneous revascularization in public reporting states (adjusted OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.50), whereas those undergoing the procedure had lower mortality (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.83).ConclusionsPublic reporting is associated with reduced percutaneous revascularization and increased in-hospital mortality among patients with AMI, particularly among patients not selected for PCI

Emerging Role of Large-bore Percutaneous Axillary Vascular Access: a Step-by-step Guide

Advances in transcatheter structural heart interventions and temporary mechanical circulatory support have led to increased demand for alternative sites for large-bore vascular access. Percutaneous axillary artery access is an appealing alternative to femoral access in patients with peripheral arterial disease, obesity or for prolonged haemodynamic support where patient mobilisation may be valuable. In particular, axillary access for mechanical circulatory support allows for increased mobility while using the device, facilitating physical therapy and reducing morbidity associated with prolonged bed rest. This article outlines the basic approach to percutaneous axillary vascular access, including patient selection and procedure planning, anatomic axillary artery landmarks, access techniques, sheath removal and management of complications