PAST AND CURRENT IPM STRATEGIES TO COMBAT THE SPREAD OF DIAPREPES ABBREVIATUS (L.) IN FLORIDA CITRUS

During the past 30 years, the West Indian sugarcane roolstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) has spread from its original site of introduction to 15 counties throughout the Florida citrus industry where it is considered a major long-term threat. Approximately 25,000 acres of citrus have confirmed infestations of the weevil. Most of the infested acreage is exhibiting severe decline or is out of production. Currently, control methods for the larv ae are limited and chemical control for the adults appears to be only partially effective in severely infested groves and threatens current IPM strategies. At this time, biological controls have had limited success

Purification, characterization and pathology of Hirsutellin A, a toxic proteic metabolite of Hirsutella thompsonii

International audienc

Toxicity and pathology of crude broth filtrate produced by Hirsutella thompsonii var. thompsonii in shake culture

International audienc

Conceptualising the role of evaluation systems in markets: the case of dominant evaluators

Evaluation is usually an internalized process that is intrinsic to the activities of market actors. Producers evaluate what goods to produce, intermediaries such as distributors and retailers evaluate what goods to promote and stock, while consumers evaluate what goods to buy. In some cases, however, a secondary evaluation market controlled by an external evaluator can emerge as a de-facto gatekeeper exerting a powerful influence over the activities of market actors in the primary market. This article develops a conceptual model of external evaluation that describes: (i) the factors common to primary markets that are dominated by evaluation markets; (ii) the characteristics common to dominant evaluators and their evaluation markets; and (iii) the dynamic processes through which an evaluator can become entrenched in a position of dominance over other market actors. This conceptual model is illustrated through examples drawn from three dominant evaluators and the markets they dominate