Prioritizing Demand Response: How Federal Legislation and Technological Innovation Changed the Electricity Supply Market and the Need to Revitalize FERC Order 745

Traditional barriers to entry in the electricity supply marketplace are crumbling due to recent federal legislation and new technology. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)'s Order 745 prioritizes the use of demand response via a uniform pricing mechanism. Through it, demand response is able to provide the same benefit as traditional electricity generation - at a reduced cost - and improve service, reliability, and market development. Consequently, the increased use of demand response reduces prices for regional grid operators, as well as commercial, institutional, and residential consumers. This Note discusses the legal, economic, and policy reasons for upholding Order 745 in the face of transformative change in the electricity supply market and evaluates the history of smart grid legislation leading up to the issuance of Order 745 in 2011. Next, it analyzes how energy intelligence hardware and software allow new entrants into the wholesale electricity supply market in hopes of capitalizing on inefficiencies in regional power distribution and the revolutionary opportunities for residential consumers through new technologies. Most importantly, this Note argues for a reversal of the D.C. Circuit’s decision to vacate Order 745 in the case EPSA v. FERC, decided in May 2014. Such a reversal is necessary because Order 745 falls within FERC’s authority under the Federal Power Act and the loss of a uniform pricing mechanism for demand response resources sold at capacity auctions will harm electricity markets

The Relationship between Noncognitive Dimensions and the Academic Performance of Student-Athletes

Due to NCAA eligibility guidelines, coaches and administrators have a special interest in the academic performance of student-athletes. Furthermore, as a nontraditional group, it may be useful to use the NCQ to describe student-athletes. Insight into possible influences on their academic performance may help to improve services, especially academic support services, for student-athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extend Sedlacek\u27s use of noncognitive dimensions to all student-athletes, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or age. The research questions this study addressed were 1. Do the scores on the NCQ differ among student-athletes by gender? 2. Do the scores on the NCQ differ among student-athletes by race? 3. Do the scores on the NCQ differ among student-athletes by age? 4. Is there a significant relationship between GPA and noncognitive factors measured by the NCQ

An artificial neural network‐based model to predict chronic kidney disease in aged cats

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently causes death in older cats; its early detection is challenging. Objectives To build a sensitive and specific model for early prediction of CKD in cats using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques applied to routine health screening data. Animals Data from 218 healthy cats ≥7 years of age screened at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) were used for model building. Performance was tested using data from 3546 cats in the Banfield Pet Hospital records and an additional 60 RCV cats—all initially without a CKD diagnosis. Methods Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling used a multilayer feed‐forward neural network incorporating a back‐propagation algorithm. Clinical variables from single cat visits were selected using factorial discriminant analysis. Independent submodels were built for different prediction time frames. Two decision threshold strategies were investigated. Results Input variables retained were plasma creatinine and blood urea concentrations, and urine specific gravity. For prediction of CKD within 12 months, the model had accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 88%, 87%, 70%, 53%, and 92%, respectively. An alternative decision threshold increased specificity and PPV to 98% and 87%, but decreased sensitivity and NPV to 42% and 79%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A model was generated that identified cats in the general population ≥7 years of age that are at risk of developing CKD within 12 months. These individuals can be recommended for further investigation and monitoring more frequently than annually. Predictions were based on single visits using common clinical variables

Differential recognition of the Multiple Banded Antigen isoforms across Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum species by monoclonal antibodies

Two separate species of Ureaplasma have been identified that infect humans: Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Most notably, these bacteria lack a cell wall and are the leading infectious organism associated with infection-related induction of preterm birth. Fourteen separate representative prototype bacterial strains, called serovars, are largely differentiated by the sequence of repeating units in the C-terminus of the major surface protein: multiple-banded antigen (MBA). Monoclonal antibodies that recognise single or small groups of serovars have been previously reported, but these reagents remain sequestered in individual research laboratories. Here we characterise a panel of commercially available monoclonal antibodies raised against the MBA and describe the first monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts by immunoblot with all serovars of U. parvum and U. urealyticum species. We also describe a recombinant MBA expressed by Escherichia coli which facilitated further characterisation by immunoblot and demonstrate immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded antigens. Immunoblot reactivity was validated against well characterised previously published monoclonal antibodies and individual commercial antibodies were found to recognise all U. parvum strains, only serovars 3 and 14 or only serovars 1 and 6, or all strains belonging to U. parvum and U. urealyticum. MBA mass was highly variable between strains, consistent with variation in the number of C-terminal repeats between strains. Antibody characterisation will enable future investigations to correlate severity of pathogenicity to MBA isoform number or mass, in addition to development of antibody-based diagnostics that will detect infection by all Ureaplasma species or alternately be able to differentiate between U. parvum, U. urealyticum or mixed infections

Molecular and electronic structure of the dithiooxalato radical ligand stabilised by rare earth coordination

Heterometallic rare earth transition metal compounds of dithioxalate (dto)2–, [NiII{(dto)LnIIITp2}2] (Ln = Y (1), Gd (2); Tp = hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate) were synthesised. The Lewis acidic rare earth ions are bound to the dioxolene and chemical reduction of 1 and 2 with cobaltocene yielded [CoCp2]+[NiII{(dto)LnIIITp2}2]˙− Ln = Y (3), Gd (4). The reduction is ligand-based and 3 and 4 are the first examples of both molecular and electronic structural characterisation of the dithiooxalato radical (dto)3˙−

Emerging Regenerative Approaches for Periodontal Reconstruction: Practical Applications From the AAP Regeneration Workshop

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141131/1/cap0040.pd

Emerging Regenerative Approaches for Periodontal Reconstruction: A Consensus Report From the AAP Regeneration Workshop

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141512/1/jpers153.pd

Effect of rhPDGF-BB on bone turnover during periodontal repair

Purpose : Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) exert potent effects on wound healing including the regeneration of periodontia. Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) is a well-known biomarker of bone turnover, and as such is a potential indicator of osseous metabolic activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the release of the ICTP into the periodontal wound fluid (WF) following periodontal reconstructive surgery using local delivery of highly purified recombinant human PDGF (rhPDGF)-BB. Methods : Forty-seven human subjects at five treatment centres possessing chronic severe periodontal disease were monitored longitudinally for 24 weeks following PDGF regenerative surgical treatment. Severe periodontal osseous defects were divided into one of three groups and treated at the time of surgery with either: Β -tricalcium phosphate (TCP) osteoconductive scaffold alone (active control), Β -TCP+0.3 mg/ml of rhPDGF-BB, or Β -TCP+1.0 mg/ml of rhPDGF-BB. WF was harvested and analysed for local ICTP levels by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and an area under the curve analysis (AUC). Results : The 0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml PDGF-BB treatment groups demonstrated increases in the amount of ICTP released locally for up to 6 weeks. There were statistically significant differences at the week 6 time point between Β -TCP carrier alone group versus 0.3 mg/ml PDGF-BB group ( p <0.05) and between Β -TCP alone versus the 1.0 mg/ml PDGF-BB-treated lesions ( p <0.03). The AUC analysis revealed no statistical differences amongst groups. Conclusion : This study corroborates the release of ICTP as a measure of active bone turnover following local delivery of PDGF-BB to periodontal osseous defects. The amount of ICTP released from the WF revealed an early increase for all treatment groups. Data from this study suggests that when PDGF-BB is delivered to promote periodontal tissue engineering of tooth-supporting osseous defects, there is a direct effect on ICTP released from the wound.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72239/1/j.1600-051X.2005.00870.x.pd

Silica Biomineralization of Calothrix-Dominated Biofacies from Queen\u27s Laundry Hot-Spring, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Experiments on microorganisms capable of surviving silicification are often conducted to gain a better understanding of the process of silica biomineralization and to gain insights into microbially influenced rock formations and biofabrics like those found in ancient deposits such as the Early Archean Apex Chert formation (Schopf, 1993; House et al., 2000). An ideal microorganism for studying silicification is the large sheathed cyanobacterium Calothrix, which form distinctive organo-sedimentary structures in the low to moderate temperature regions of hydrothermal springs or columnar stromatolitic structures in aquatic systems. Our ability to identify and characterize microfossils from ancient deposits allows us to gain a better understanding of environmental conditions on early Earth. Here we characterized Calothrix-dominated biofacies along the outflow apron of Queen\u27s Laundry Hot-Spring in Yellowstone National Park using microscopy and molecular techniques to examine biofacies morphology and phylogenetic diversity. We found that flow regime and temperature had a profound effect on community composition as identified by the observation of five distinct Calothrix-dominated communities and on biofacies architecture along the outflow apron

Silica Biomineralization of Calothrix-Dominated Biofacies from Queen\u27s Laundry Hot-Spring, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Experiments on microorganisms capable of surviving silicification are often conducted to gain a better understanding of the process of silica biomineralization and to gain insights into microbially influenced rock formations and biofabrics like those found in ancient deposits such as the Early Archean Apex Chert formation (Schopf, 1993; House et al., 2000). An ideal microorganism for studying silicification is the large sheathed cyanobacterium Calothrix, which form distinctive organo-sedimentary structures in the low to moderate temperature regions of hydrothermal springs or columnar stromatolitic structures in aquatic systems. Our ability to identify and characterize microfossils from ancient deposits allows us to gain a better understanding of environmental conditions on early Earth. Here we characterized Calothrix-dominated biofacies along the outflow apron of Queen\u27s Laundry Hot-Spring in Yellowstone National Park using microscopy and molecular techniques to examine biofacies morphology and phylogenetic diversity. We found that flow regime and temperature had a profound effect on community composition as identified by the observation of five distinct Calothrix-dominated communities and on biofacies architecture along the outflow apron