Пути создания инвертированного микроскопа на базе микроскопа биологического

В роботі описано засіб виготовлення інвертованого мікроскопу шляхом доробки мікроскопу біологічного. Описано інвертований мікроскоп, створений на базі мікроскопу МБР-3. Наведено методику розрахунку основних оптичних характеристик інвертованого мікроскопу, виконано розрахунки для широко розповсюджених об’єктивів і окулярів.In this work the manufacturing of the inverted microscope by the way of revision of biological microscope is described. There is described the inverted microscope manufactured on the basis of MBR-3 microscope. It contains calculations methods of the main optical specifications of the inverted microscope and the results of calculations for the most spread objectives lenses and eyepieces.В работе описан способ изготовления инвертированного микроскопа путем доработки микроскопа биологического. Описан инвертированный микроскоп, созданный на базе микроскопа МБР-3. Приведена методика расчета основных оптических характеристик инвертированного микроскопа, выполнены расчеты для наиболее широко распространенных объективов и окуляров

Structural, thermal and dissolution properties of MgO- and CaO-containing borophosphate glasses: effect of Fe2O3 addition

This paper investigated manufacture of high-durability phosphate glass fibres for biomedical applications. Five different borophosphate glass formulations in the systems of 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–(29 − x)CaO–16MgO–(x)Fe2O3 and 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–24CaO–(21 − x)MgO–(x)Fe2O3 where x = 5, 8 and 11 mol% were produced via melt quenching. The compositions and amorphous nature of the glasses were confirmed by ICP-MS and XRD, respectively. FTIR results indicated depolymerisation of the phosphate chains with a decrease in Q2 units with increasing Fe2O3 content. DSC analyses showed an increase in Tg by ~5 °C with an increment of 3 mol% in Fe2O3 content. The thermal properties were also used to calculate processing window (i.e. Tc,ons—Tg) and another parameter, Kgl, to determine the suitability for fibre drawing directly from melt, which equals (Tc,ons—Tg)/(Tl—Tc,ons). The degradation study conducted in PBS solution at 37 °C showed a decrease of 25–47% in degradation rate with increasing Fe2O3 content. This confirmed that the chemical durability of the glasses had increased, which was suggested to be due to Fe2O3 addition. Furthermore, the density measured via Archimedes method revealed a linear increase with increasing Fe2O3 content

Up-to-date diagnostic methods for some thrips spp based on PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing

The study reveals diagnosis peculiarities for main Thrips spp. occurring during phytosanitary testing. Morphological diagnostic methods were compared with PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. High reliability of molecular and genetic methods has been shown. These methods provide for determining the species of thrips larvae and damaged specimens of imagoes

THE PROGNOSTIC AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF CYTOKERATIN 7 AND 19, AND THYROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1 EXPRESSION IN LUNG NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS OF VARIOUS GRADES

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (NETL) are a wide range of tumors with various malignancy grades and prognosis. Despite their prevalence being 20 to 25% of all lung cancers, many aspects that impact their clinical course and prognosis are not well understood. Aim  – to identify morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of various NETL types would that more accurately reflect their biological potential and allow for prediction of their unfavorable clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: We performed immunohistochemical assessment of the diagnostic biopsies and surgical specimens from 152 patients with NETL aged 53 ± 13 years and identified 49  typical carcinoids, 32 atypical carcinoids, 60  small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 11  large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which accounted for 32.2, 21.1, 39.5 and 7.2%, respectively. Markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, such as synaptophysin, chromogranin A  and CD56, as well as cytokeratins 7 and 19, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and Ki67 were used. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test (χ²), and post-hoc comparisons with the Bonferroni correction. Results: Most often, the expression of cytokeratins 7 and 19 was found in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (72.7 and 90.9%, respectively), less frequently, in atypical carcinoids and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (50 and 53.3%; 41.7 and 64.6% of cases, respectively), whereas in typical carcinoids it was rare (5.9 and 15.9%, respectively). The rates of cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression were significantly lower in the typical carcinoids, compared to the atypical carcinoids, small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (р < 0.05, χ²). The expression of cytokeratin 19 was significantly more common for large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, than for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and atypical carcinoids (р < 0.01, χ²). The expression of TTF-1 was very rare in the typical carcinoid cells (6.5% of cases) and significantly more often in atypical carcinoids (61.5%) and in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (82.7 and 77.8% of cases, respectively). TTF-1 expression was significantly less frequent in typical than in atypical carcinoids, small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (р < 0.01, χ²). The mean index of tumor cell proliferation (Ki67) was the lowest in typical carcinoids (2.6%), amounted to 12% in atypical carcinoids, to 44% in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and reached the maximum of 61% in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. There were significant differences in the mean Ki67 index in the NETL 4 groups (р < 0.001, ANOVA). Conclusion: Expression of TTF-1, cytokeratin 7 and 19 in the neuroendocrine tumors of the lung is characteristic for a  less differentiated cell immunophenotype and allows for identification of the risk group with unfavorable clinical outcome among low-grade typical and atypical carcinoids