Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: Pneumonia of unknown cause was detected on 30 December 2019 in China. It was categorized as an outbreak and named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. The pandemic affects all people, but patient groups such as hemodialysis (HD) patients have been particularly affected. We do not know if refugees suffered more during the outbreak. In this study, we compared depressive symptom frequency between Syrian refugee HD patients and Turkish ones. Methods: The study had a single-center, cross-sectional design. Demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively from patients' files containing details about past medical history, demographic variables and laboratory values. Validated Turkish and Arabic forms of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess depressive symptoms. BDI scores were compared according to nationality, demographic features and clinical data. A BDI score more than 14 was accepted as suspicion of depression. Results: 119 patients were enrolled in the study. After the exclusion of 22 patients, 75 Turkish and 22 Syrian patients were included for further analysis. The median BDI (interquartile range) score for Turkish and Syrian patients were 12 (7-23) and 19.5 (12.7-25.2), respectively (p=0.03). Suspicion of depression was present at 42.7% of Turkish, and 72.7% of Syrian HD patients (p=0.013). Regarding all patients, phosphorus level, Kt/V, and nationality were significantly different between patients with and without suspicion of depression (p=0.023, 0.039, 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Syrian patients had higher BDI scores and more depressive symptoms than Turkish patients. Additional national measures for better integration and more mental support to Syrian HD patients are needed.This file was generated on 2020-12-17 by MUSTAFA SEVINC GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Mustafa Sevinc Institution: Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital Address: Halaskargazi Caddesi Etfal Sokak 34371, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey Email: [email protected] 3. Date of data collection: Between 2020-04-17 and 2020-05-12 4. Geographic location of data collection: Istanbul, Turkey 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: None SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: subjects' height and weight, renal replacement initiation date, nationality, although collected, were removed and is not missing from the data file. DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic: This is the main file cantaining variables used in this study. 2. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: some variables listed above were removed for anonymization. 3. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Participants signed written consent forms both to participate in the study and to have data from their medical records used in research. All HD patients in the same center were invited to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients younger than 18 years old, patients undergoing home-HD, history of HD less than three months, inability to complete the questionnaire, nationalities other than Turkish and Syrian, not volunteering to fill the form, history of hospitalization due to any reason during pandemic time starting from 10 March 2020, and history of COVID-19 before questionnaire. Demographic data were collected retrospectively from patients' files. These files contain the demographic details of patients filled at admission to our dialysis center and patients' past and current laboratory values. Age, sex, nationality, marital status, education level, height, weight, etiology of kidney disease, the date for initiation of center HD, last hemoglobin, albumin, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, Kt/v, creatinine levels and, Charlson comorbidity index were noted. Marital status was grouped as married and not married including single, divorced, and widow. BDI consists of 21 questions and every question has four choices ranging from 0 to 3 in which 0 represents the absence of a problem, and 3 represents an extreme problem. Therefore, the total BDI score can be between 0 and 63 points. BDI score of more than 14 was accepted as suspicion of depression in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The frequencies of depressive symptoms were compared between nationalities. The validated Turkish and Arabic forms of BDI version- I were filled by patients themselves. BDI score was compared according to age group (30 kg/m2 ), presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, HD vintage (below or above median), hemoglobin level (12 g/dl), phosphorus level (5.5 mg/dl), albumin level (<3.5 gr/dl or ≥3.5 gr/dl), parathyroid hormone level (below or above median), Kt/v (<1.4 or ≥1.4), and nationality. BDI score was also divided into cognitive-affective and somatic-performance subscales [12]. These were compared to nationality as well. 2. Methods for processing the data: Statistical analyses were performed with the Scientific Package for Social Science (version 21.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were given as mean ± standard deviation if they were distributed normally or as median (interquartile range) if they were distributed abnormally. Qualitative variables were given as a percentage. A comparison of normally distributed data was performed by independent samples t-test. Abnormally distributed data was compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared by the Chi-Square test. Differences were considered statistically significant for p values less than 0.05. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic] 1. Number of variables: 65 2. Number of cases/rows: 97 3. Variable List: patient_number: Patient number RRT_type: Renal replacement therapy type total_BDI_score: total beck depression inventory score somatic_subscore: total somatic subscore affective_cognitive_subscore: affective/cognitive subscore bdi_group: beck depression inventory group according to score of 14 age_group_for_65: age grouped for 65 years age_group: age grouped for less than 50, 50-69, 60-69, 70-79, >79 years married_or_not: married or other status kidney_disease_etiology: etiology of end stage renal failure Diabetes_status: diabetes mellitus status grouped as absent, present and uncomplicated, present and complicated Diabetes_yes_no: diabetes present or absent hypertension: hypertension present or absent hemoglobin: last hemoglobin level hemoglobin_group: hemoglobin level grouped for 10 or less, more than 10-12, more than 12 albumin: last albumin level albumin_group: albumin level grouped as 3.5 or less and more than 3.5 phosphorus: last phosphorus level phosphorus_group: phosphorus group pth: parathyroid hormone level pth_group: parathyroid hormone grouped for median level ktv: last kt/v ktv_group: kt/v grouped for 1.4 or less and more than 1.4 creatinine: last creatinine level bmi_group: body mass index grouped as 25 or less, >25-30, more than 30. question_1: Beck depression inventory question 1 question_2: Beck depression inventory question 2 question_3: Beck depression inventory question 3 question_4: Beck depression inventory question 4 question_5: Beck depression inventory question 5 question_6: Beck depression inventory question 6 question_7: Beck depression inventory question 7 question_8: Beck depression inventory question 8 question_9: Beck depression inventory question 9 question_10: Beck depression inventory question 10 question_11: Beck depression inventory question 11 question_12: Beck depression inventory question 12 question_13: Beck depression inventory question 13 question_14: Beck depression inventory question 14 question_15: Beck depression inventory question 15 question_16: Beck depression inventory question 16 question_17: Beck depression inventory question 17 question_18: Beck depression inventory question 18 question_19: Beck depression inventory question 19 question_20: Beck depression inventory question 20 question_21: Beck depression inventory question 21 hd_vintage_days: hemodialysis vintage in days hd_vintage_months: hemodialysis vintage in months hd_vintage_year: hemodialysis vintage in years hdvintigae_median_group: hemodialysis vintage grouped as below or above median value MI_history: myocardial infarction history present or absent Heart_faillure: heart failure history present or absent Perip_vasc_dis: peripheral vascular disease history present or absent stroke: stroke history present or absent dementia: dementia history present or absent COPD: Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease history present or absent conn_tis_dis: connective tissue disease history present or absent peptic_ulcer: peptic ulcer history present or absent liver_dis: lever disease history present or absent hemiplejia: hemiplejia history present or absent CKD: Chronic kidney disease history present or absent solid_tm: solid tumor history present or absent leukemia: leukemia history present or absent lymhoma: lymphoma history present or absent CCMI: Charlson comorbidity indexDemographic data were collected retrospectively from patients' files. Age, sex, nationality, marital status, education level, height, weight, etiology of kidney disease, the date for initiation of center HD, last hemoglobin, albumin, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, Kt/v, creatinine levels, Charlson comorbidity index were noted. Marital status was grouped as married and others including single, divorced, and widow. BDI consists of 21 questions and every question has four choices pointed from 0 to 3 in which 0 represents the absence of a problem, and 3 represents an extreme problem. Therefore, the total BDI score can be between 0 and 63 points. BDI score of more than 14 was accepted as depression in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The frequency of depression was compared between nationalities. Validated Turkish and Arabic BDI forms were filled by patients themselves. In the need of help, native Arabic physician working at our hemodialysis center (SS) and official Arabic translator of our institution (SA) have helped Syrian patients. BDI score was also divided into cognitive-affective and somatic-performance subscales. These were compared to nationality as well. BDI score was compared according to the age groups (30 kg/m2 ), presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, HD vintage (below or above median), hemoglobin level (12 g/dl), phosphorus level (5.5 mg/dl), albumin level (<3.5 gr/dl or ≥3.5 gr/dl), parathyroid hormone level (below or above median), Kt/v (<1.4 or ≥1.4), and nationality

Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction Pneumonia of unknown cause was detected on 30 December 2019 in China. It was categorized as an outbreak and named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. The pandemic affects all people, but patient groups such as hemodialysis (HD) patients have been particularly affected. We do not know if refugees suffered more during the outbreak. In this study, we compared depressive symptom frequency between Syrian refugee HD patients and Turkish ones. Methods The study had a single-center, cross-sectional design. Demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively from patients’ files containing details about past medical history, demographic variables and laboratory values. Validated Turkish and Arabic forms of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess depressive symptoms. BDI scores were compared according to nationality, demographic features and clinical data. A BDI score more than 14 was accepted as suspicion of depression. Results 119 patients were enrolled in the study. After the exclusion of 22 patients, 75 Turkish and 22 Syrian patients were included for further analysis. The median BDI (interquartile range) score for Turkish and Syrian patients were 12 (7–23) and 19.5 (12.7–25.2), respectively (p = 0.03). Suspicion of depression was present at 42.7% of Turkish, and 72.7% of Syrian HD patients (p = 0.013). Regarding all patients, phosphorus level, Kt/V, and nationality were significantly different between patients with and without suspicion of depression (p = 0.023, 0.039, 0.013, respectively). Conclusion Syrian patients had higher BDI scores and more depressive symptoms than Turkish patients. Additional national measures for better integration and more mental support to Syrian HD patients are needed

Comparison of MPV and High Sensitive CRP Levels between Patients with and without Diabetic Microvascular Complication

Aim: Diabetes is an important cause of mortality and morbidity affecting especially individuals with its complications. We aimed to draw attention to the fact that MPV and hsCRP can be evaluated as warning parameters in terms of development of the complications of diabetes

Comparison of MPV and High Sensitive CRP Levels between Patients with and without Diabetic Microvascular Complication

Aim: Diabetes is an important cause of mortality and morbidity affecting especially individuals with its complications. We aimed to draw attention to the fact that MPV and hsCRP can be evaluated as warning parameters in terms of development of the complications of diabetes