The Jamio{\l}kowski isomorphism and a conceptionally simple proof for the correspondence between vectors having Schmidt number kk and kk-positive maps

Positive maps which are not completely positive are used in quantum information theory as witnesses for convex sets of states, in particular as entanglement witnesses and more generally as witnesses for states having Schmidt number not greater than k. It is known that such witnesses are related to k-positive maps. In this article we propose a new proof for the correspondence between vectors having Schmidt number k and k-positive maps using Jamiolkowski's criterion for positivity of linear maps; to this aim, we also investigate the precise notion of the term "Jamiolkowski isomorphism". As consequences of our proof we get the Jamiolkowski criterion for complete positivity, and we find a special case of a result by Choi, namely that k-positivity implies complete positivity, if k is the dimension of the smaller one of the Hilbert spaces on which the operators act.Comment: 9 page

The spur planetary gear torsional stiffness and its crack sensitivity under quasi-static conditions

The sun-planet and ring-planet tooth mesh stiffness variations and the resulting transmission errors are the main internal vibration generation mechanisms for planetary gear systems. This paper presents the results of torsional stiffness analysis of involute spur planetary gear systems in mesh using finite element methods. A planetary gear model with three planet gears and fixed ring gear and its subsystem models have been developed to study the subsystem and overall torsional stiffnesses. Based on the analysis of torsional mesh stiffness, predictive models for single branch sun-planet-ring and overall planetary gear torsional stiffnesses have been proposed. A crack coefficient was introduced to the sun-planet and ring-planet meshes to predict the effect and sensitivity of changes to the overall torsional mesh stiffness. The resulting mesh stiffness crack sensitivity of the overall gear system was analysed under quasi-static conditions. It was found that the carrier arm stiffness has great influence on the crack sensitivity while the overall stiffness was most sensitive to the crack on the sun-planet mesh

Засоби вирішення міжнародних морських спорів: теоретичні та практичні аспекти

Мажар Л. С. Засоби вирішення міжнародних морських спорів: теоретичні та практичні аспекти : автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 12.00.11 / Л. С. Мажар; кер. роботи І. М. Забара; Нац. ун.-т "Одеська юридична академія". – Одеса, 2014. – 20 с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.11 - міжнародне право. - Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія». - Одеса, 2014. Дисертацію присвячено теоретичним та практичним аспектам засобів вирішення міжнародних морських спорів, їх еволюції, особливостей. Визначено поняття «міжнародний морський спір», «ситуація», «засоби вирішення міжнародних морських спорів». Проаналізовано розвиток міжнародних морських спорів, засобів їх вирішення, дію принципу мирного вирішення спорів у міжнародному морському праві та виявлено особливості на прикладі Конвенції ООН з морського права 1982 року, інших міжнародних угод, міждержавної практики. Виявлено найпоширеніші загальні та спеціальні критерії, на основі яких запропоновано авторську класифікацію міжнародних морських спорів. Розглянуто міжнародні морські спори щодо делімітації морських просторів між Україною та Румунією в Чорному морі, між Україною та Російською Федерацією в Азовському морі та Керченській протоці. Визначено потенційні міжнародні морські спори та ситуації в означеному басейні з приводу використання чорноморських проток, перебування Чорноморського Флоту Росії на території України, розмежування морських просторів між Росією, Абхазією та Грузією; використання суднового ходу Дунай-Чорне море через гирло Бистре.Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.11 - международное право. - Национальный университет «Одесская юридическая академия». - Одесса, 2014. Диссертация посвящена исследованиям теоретических и практических аспектов средств разрешения международных морских споров, их эволюции, особенностям. Исследовано использование понятий «международный спор», «ситуация», «средства разрешения международных споров» в доктрине, в практике международного права и международного морского права, на основании чего предложено авторское определение указанных понятий. Проанализирована международная практика применения средств разрешения международных морских споров, в частности, государствами Азово-Черноморского бассейна. Рассматривается действие принципа мирного разрешения споров в современном международном морском праве и, в частности, на примере Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 года, других конвенций, посвященных морскому праву. Исследованы эволюция международных морских споров и средств их разрешения, их особенности. Рассматривается практика урегулирования международных морских споров от античных времен до нашего времени. Определяются особенности средств их разрешения в древнем (региональном) морском праве, морском праве цивилизованных и других народов, современном международном морском праве. Обобщаются наиболее распространенные и специфические критерии классификации международных морских споров, на основании чего предложено авторскую классификацию международных морских споров. Рассматриваются особенности средств разрешения международных морских споров, предусмотренных Конвенцией ООН по морскому праву 1982 года и другими конвенциями. Устанавливается влияние средств разрешения международных морских споров на практику урегулирования споров о морской делимитации. Анализируется деятельность международных и арбитражных органов в сфере разрешения международных морских споров. В Азово-Черноморском бассейне исследованы международный морской спор о делимитации морских пространств между Украиной и Румынией в Черном море, разрешенный Международным Судом ООН 9 февраля 2009 года; а также международный морской спор между Украиной и Российской Федерацией о разграничении и использовании пространств Азовского моря и Керченского пролива, который сегодня окончательно не урегулирован. Переговорный процесс между Украиной и Российской Федерацией продолжается, хотя стороны уже определили режим Азовского моря и Керченского пролива как внутренних вод двух государств Соглашением о сотрудничестве в использовании Азовского моря и Керченского пролива от 24 декабря 2003 года. Исследованы потенциальные международные морские споры и ситуации в указанном бассейне по поводу использования черноморских проливов; пребывания Черноморского Флота России на территории Украины; разграничения морских пространств между Россией, Абхазией и Грузией; эксплуатации канала Дунай - Черное море через устье Быстрое. Сделаны и обоснованы прогнозы по использованию средств разрешения каждого из них мирными средствами в соответствии с международным правом.The thesis for Candidates ofLaw Degree by specialty 12.00.11 -International Law. - National University «Odessa Academy ofLaw». - Odessa, 2014. The thesis is dedicated to research of the concepts of «international maritime dispute», «situation», «legal means of dispute resolution» in modern International Law of the Sea, as well as their practical application, in particular, by the states of the Azov - Black Sea basin. The author analyses the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes in modern International Law of the Sea and, in particular, on the example of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and other conventions. The evolution of international maritime disputes and legal means of their resolution, their features, maritime disputes resolution practice from ancient times to the present days is considered in detail and the most common as well as specified criteria for the author classification of international maritime disputes is summarized. The thesis is concerned with the study of international maritime disputes on maritime delimitation between Romania and Ukraine in the Black Sea, as resolved by the International Court of Justice on February 9, 2009; between Ukraine and Russian Federation regarding delimitation and use of the Azov sea and the Kerch Strait, which at that time was not yet finally resolved and negotiations are still ongoing. Although the parties identified the regime of the Azov sea and the Kerch Strait as their inland waters according to the Agreement on cooperation in the use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait on December 24, 2003. Particular issues of the potential international maritime disputes and situations in this basin regarding the use of the Black Sea canal Bosporus and the Dardanelles, Russia's Black Sea Navy on Ukrainian territory, maritime boundary between Russia, Abkhazia and Georgia, operation of the channel Danube - Black Sea through the debauchment Bystroye are studied. The author makes predictions for resolving each of them by peaceful means in accordance with International Law

IKKα and IKKβ Each Function to Regulate NF-κB Activation in the TNF-Induced/Canonical Pathway

Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB by cytokines is rapid, mediated through the activation of the IKK complex with subsequent phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitory IkappaB proteins. The IKK complex is comprised of two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta, and a regulatory protein known as NEMO. Using cells from mice that are genetically deficient in IKKbeta or IKKalpha, or using a kinase inactive mutant of IKKbeta, it has been proposed that IKKbeta is critical for TNF-induced IkappaB phosphorylation/degradation through the canonical pathway while IKKalpha has been shown to be involved in the non-canonical pathway for NF-kappaB activation. These conclusions have led to a focus on development of IKKbeta inhibitors for potential use in inflammatory disorders and cancer.Analysis of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF in MEFs reveals that IKKbeta is essential for efficient phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB alpha, yet IKKalpha contributes to the NF-kappaB activation response in these cells as measured via DNA binding assays. In HeLa cells, both IKKalpha and IKKbeta contribute to IkappaB alpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. A kinase inactive mutant of IKKbeta, which has been used as evidence for the critical importance of IKKbeta in TNF-induced signaling, blocks activation of NF-kappaB induced by IKKalpha, even in cells that are deficient in IKKbeta.These results demonstrate the importance of IKKalpha in canonical NF-kappaB activation, downstream of cytokine treatment of cells. The experiments suggest that IKKalpha will be a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders

Evaluating sustainable energy potentials through carbon emission assessment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the global south: a case in Wula, CRS Nigeria

There is increasing focus on sustainable energy in developing countries as part of their transition to low carbon economy. Approximately, 40% of the world’s population, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, do not have access to modern energy. Developing countries including Nigeria are facing energy poverty. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have a role in achieving the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Absence of sustainable energy is hindering the growth of SMEs in the Global South with impacts on society. In Nigeria, inaccessibility and regular outages of power from the national grid compels SMEs to rely on fossil-fuel based energy which exacerbate pollution and carbon footprint having environmental, social and economic consequences. This project evaluates the potential of sustainable energy in SMEs for minimizing carbon footprint and accelerating the energy transition in a local community of Wula, Nigeria. This exploratory investigation conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 SMEs to obtain data on energy consumption including energy type, quantity consumed and annual cost to estimate carbon footprint and identify sustainable energy needs. The study found that there is significant potential for sustainable energy in the local community and joined-up approach in interventions cannot only address environmental issues but social issues in the local community. The analysis indicates that SMEs spend $13,563.4 annually on fossil fuel-based energy and consume 33,215 litres of petrol/annum; and an estimated carbon footprint of 76,891.0642 KgCO2e (equivalent of 76.89106 tCO2e) per annum. The project helps to understand state of the problem and plans to reduce CO2 emissions and sustain SMEs by installing sustainable energy systems based on the community needs and contribute towards the SDGs. This could open new markets and business opportunities for the poor in the rural area, hence lift families out of poverty and transform lives as a contribution towards SDGs

Chloridotris[μ2-2-(dimethyl­amino)­ethano­lato]-μ3-hydroxido-tri-μ2-trifluoro­acetato-tetra­copper(II) tetra­hydro­furan solvate

The title compound, [Cu4(C2F3O2)3(C4H10NO)3Cl(OH)]·C4H8O or [Cu4(TFA)3(dmae)3Cl(OH)]·THF (dmae is dimeth­yl­amino­ethano­late, TFA is trifluoro­acetate and THF is tetra­hydro­furan), has an approximate mol­ecular threefold symmetry with three equivalent {Cu(dmae)(TFA)} units bridging between a Cu—Cl and a hydroxide unit, with the latter two lying on the mol­ecular threefold axis. However, in the solid state, the tetranuclear complex has Ci symmetry. The Cu atom bonded to the Cl atom has a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The other three Cu atoms have distorted square-pyramidal geometries with an NO4 coordination environment. The bonds within the CuNO3 base of the pyramid range from 1.953 (2) to 2.033 (3) Å, while the apical Cu—O bonds are significantly longer, ranging from 2.286 (2) to 2.377 (2) Å. The square-pyramidal geometries are augmented by weak inter­actions towards a sixth O atom, forming a highly distorted octa­hedral coordination environment [long Cu—O distances = 2.712 (2)–2.824 (2) Å]. The hydroxide group is hydrogen bonded to the tetra­hydro­furan solvent mol­ecule. One of the –CF3 groups shows minor disorder over two positions, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.894 (4):0.106 (5)

Dental Management towards Sickle Patients: A Literature Review

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal dominant haemoglobinopathy in which an abnormal form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) polymerizes under low oxygen saturation and alters normal spherical shaped RBCs into sickle shape. In India, sickle cell disease is prevalent in central and southern states like Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. In various districts like Korba, Kanker, Rajnandgaon, Durg, Bilaspur, Raipur, Dantewada, Bastar, Mahasumund, Dhamtari, Kawardha and Jangjir-Champa of Chhattisgarh, frequency of sickle cell disease are approximately 10%. Screening results suggest that the prevalence of homozygous sickle cell disease was 2.1% and that of heterozygous sickle cell disease was 10% among different tribes. Prevalence rate among schedule tribe was 43.0%, schedule caste was 18.26% and 35.3% among OBC group with the majority of cases reported in Agharia, Kurmi, Teli and Panika castes. Common oral findings of dental hypoplasia, delayed eruption, mucosal pallor, and radiographic changes are noticed in this disease. This paper aims to describe etiology, prevelance of sickle cell disease in chhattisgarh region and the role of dental surgeon for the management of such patients

A knowledge based decision support system for tool changeover in CNCs

This paper describes an application of an adaptive planning system for automatic tool changers in flexible manufacturing systems. The conventional models of predictive control usually cannot adapt to a real time dynamic environment. The proposed adaptive control model is capable of self adjusting to changing environments. The algorithm is based on a decision logic, which is constructed by breaking up knowledge and converting them into mathematical form in order to cover all possible conditions that can exist during the implementation phase. Expert thoughts and knowledge from decision logic are stored in the decision tree, which consists of circular nodes, arcs and decision nodes. The suggested system is capable of accepting further rules, new nodes and branches to the tree when additional attributes are needed. This whole knowledge is encoded in the form of production rules and each rule represents a small chunk of knowledge relating to the given domain of tool replacement. A number of related rules collectively respond to highly useful conclusions.The system uses VP Expert development shell, contains an inference engine and, a user interface. The originality of the proposed strategy lies in that a knowledge-based expert system is developed to identify and analyze the current conditions and then readjust the output that reflects the real-time environment. Compared with the various classical models, the approach can synthesize and analyze as many variables as possible to adequately and reliably identify the real-time conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of this tool-change planning and control strategy

Gestational diabetes in a developing country, experience of screening at the Aga Khan University Medical Centre, Karachi

In order to determine the prevalence of glucose intolerance in pregnancy, 1267 consecutive women attending the antenatal clinic of the Aga Khan University Medical Centre were subjected to a 75 g glucose challenge followed 2 hr later by plasma glucose determination irrespective of gestation on the first antenatal visit. The test was repeated at 28-32 weeks of gestation if the patients had an abnormal initial screen at less than 28 weeks gestation and a normal glucose tolerance test on diagnostic follow-up and for those who had a risk factor for gestational diabetes and a normal initial screen at less than 28 weeks gestation. The glucose challenge test was abnormal (2 hr plasma glucose greater than 140 mg%) in 8.6% of the screened population. Follow-up oral glucose tolerance test on these patients revealed a prevalence of 3.2% of gestational diabetes and 1.9% of impaired glucose tolerance test based on the modified O\u27Sullivan criteria. Improvement in cost effectiveness of screening programmes was adjudged possible by avoiding glucose tolerance tests in patients with 2 hr plasma glucose value of greater than 170 mg% after a 75 g oral glucose challenge for screening