Эффективность и безопасность органосохраняющих операций при локализованном раке почки

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of surgical treatment in patients with locally advanced kidney cancer (KC), by comparing the immediate and late results of organ-sparing surgery (OSS) and nephrectomies. Subjects and methods. The results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 251 patients with KC who had undergone OSS (n = 124) or nephrectomy (n = 127). The groups were matched for gender, age, stage, and baseline glomerular filtration rate. Surgical complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. There were no significant differences between the two patient groups in the amount of blood loss (median 300 ml) and in the hospital length of stay. The median renal ischemia time was 15.0±3.4 min. Complications after OSS and nephrectomies occurred in 10.4 and 4.7% of cases. The OSS group was found to tend to have higher 5-year overall survival rates (89.1%) than the nephrectomy group (70.6%) (p = 0.248). Conclusion. OSS is an effective, safe treatment option for KC, at the same time it is still inadequately frequently used in wide clinical practice. The OSS group was found to tend to have higher 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates than the nephrectomy group (p > 0.05). Цель исследования – оценка эффективности хирургического лечения больных локализованным раком почки (РП) путем сравнения непосредственных и отдаленных результатов органосохраняющих операций (ОСО) и нефрэктомий. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ результатов хирургического лечения 251 больного РП, подвергнутым ОСО (n = 124) или нефрэктомии (n = 127). Группы сопоставимы по полу, возрасту, стадии, исходной скорости клубочковой фильтрации. Хирургические осложнения оценены по классификации Clavien–Dindo. Оценка выживаемости рассчитана по методу Каплана–Майера. Результаты. В обеих группах больных не выявлено значимых различий в объеме кровопотери (медиана – 300 мл) и длительности госпитализации. Медиана времени ишемии почки составила 15,0 ± 3,4 мин. Осложнения при ОСО встречались в 10,4 %, после нефрэктомий – в 4,7 % случаев. В группе ОСО выявлена тенденция к увеличению 5-летней общей выживаемости (89,1 %) по сравнению с больными, перенесшими нефрэктомию (70,6 %; р = 0,248). Заключение. ОСО являются эффективным, безопасным методом лечения РП, при этом все еще недостаточно часто применяются в широкой клинической практике. В группе больных с ОСО выявлена тенденция к увеличению 5-летней общей и безрецидивной выживаемости по сравнению с больными, перенесшими нефрэктомию (р > 0,05).

Clinical features of post-COVID-19 period. Results of the international register “Dynamic analysis of comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 survivors (AKTIV SARS-CoV-2)”. Data from 6-month follow-up

Aim. To study the clinical course specifics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and comorbid conditions in COVID-19 survivors 3, 6, 12 months after recovery in the Eurasian region according to the AKTIV register. Material and methods.The AKTIV register was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The AKTIV register is divided into 2 parts: AKTIV 1 and AKTIV 2. The AKTIV 1 register currently includes 6300 patients, while in AKTIV 2 — 2770. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 receiving in- and outpatient treatment have been anonymously included on the registry. The following 7 countries participated in the register: Russian Federation, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Uzbekistan. This closed multicenter register with two nonoverlapping branches (in- and outpatient branch) provides 6 visits: 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 telephone calls after 3, 6, 12 months. Subject recruitment lasted from June 29, 2020 to October 29, 2020. Register will end on October 29, 2022. A total of 9 fragmentary analyzes of the registry data are planned. This fragment of the study presents the results of the post-hospitalization period in COVID-19 survivors after 3 and 6 months. Results. According to the AKTIV register, patients after COVID-19 are characterized by long-term persistent symptoms and frequent seeking for unscheduled medical care, including rehospitalizations. The most common causes of unplanned medical care are uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or decompensated type 2 diabetes (T2D). During 3- and 6-month follow-up after hospitalization, 5,6% and 6,4% of patients were diagnosed with other diseases, which were more often presented by HTN, T2D, and CAD. The mortality rate of patients in the post-hospitalization period was 1,9% in the first 3 months and 0,2% for 4-6 months. The highest mortality rate was observed in the first 3 months in the group of patients with class II-IV heart failure, as well as in patients with cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In the pattern of death causes in the post-hospitalization period, following cardiovascular causes prevailed (31,8%): acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute heart failure. Conclusion. According to the AKTIV register, the health status of patients after COVID-19 in a serious challenge for healthcare system, which requires planning adequate health system capacity to provide care to patients with COVID-19 in both acute and post-hospitalization period

Efficiency and safety of organ-sparing surgery for locally advanced kidney cancer

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>to evaluate the efficiency of surgical treatment in patients with locally advanced kidney cancer (KC), by comparing the immediate and late results of organ-sparing surgery (OSS) and nephrectomies.<br /> </em><strong><em>Subjects and methods. </em></strong><em>The results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 251 patients with KC who had undergone OSS (n = 124) or nephrectomy (n = 127). The groups were matched for gender, age, stage, and baseline glomerular filtration rate. Surgical complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. <br /></em></span><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>There were no significant differences between the two patient groups in the amount of blood loss (median 300 ml) and in the hospital length of stay. The median renal ischemia time was 15.0±3.4 min. Complications after OSS and nephrectomies occurred in 10.4 and 4.7% of cases. The OSS group was found to tend to have higher 5-year overall survival rates (89.1%) than the nephrectomy group (70.6%) (p = 0.248). </em><strong><em>Conclusion. </em></strong><em>OSS is an effective, safe treatment option for KC, at the same time it is still inadequately frequently used in wide clinical practice. The OSS group was found to tend to have higher 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates than the nephrectomy group (p &gt; 0.05). </em></p

Structural Changes of MoS 2 Nano-powder in Dependence on the Annealing Temperature

To search for structural changes of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nano-powder under thermal treatment, the annealing of the powder was carried out in vacuum or in argon. MoS2 powder with a grain size of 3-5 nm was synthesized by a chemical method. The temperature of annealing was varied in the range of 380-1000 °C. The time of annealing was varied in the range from 4 h (380 °C) to 5 min (1000 °C). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses were made to see the character of the change of the crystallization process and the curvature of (002) MoS2 planes. The increase of crystalline phase and the decrease of amorphous phase in the powder appears as a result of the rise of the annealing temperature. The sample annealed at Tann = 380 °C and 500 °C has a small curvature of (002) planes and more enlarged grains in comparison with non-annealed MoS 2 powder. The increase of the annealing temperature to T ann = 700 °C leads to a strong curvature of the (002) planes. The character of the curved planes varies from quite long planes with a large radius of curvature to right-angle-form and U-form structures. The increase of the annealing temperature to Tann = 1000 °C leads to a strong crystallization of the powder and a reduction of the amorphous phase