Incidence of Mycobacteria spp. in shrimp in Iraq

This study was designed to determine the incidence of in shrimp. Totally, 162 Shrimp samples (every sample was batch of 3 shrimp) were collected from Basra Governorate (24 fresh samples) and (30 frozen samples) from Baghdad. The samples were cultured on special media for mycobacteria (Lowenstein – jensen medium) and incubated at 25 oC for 8 weeks. Diagnosis of Mycobacteria species was based on rate of growth, colonies morphology, direct microscopic examination stained by acid-fast stain. The results revealed growth of bacterial isolates during 2-6 weeks that morphologically resemble mycobacterial colonies. Microscopically, acid-fast Ziehl-Neelsen staining bacteria showed red bacilli. Also, the results revealed 11 (20.3%) isolates out of 54 samples. The isolates were 9 (16.6%) of fresh samples and 2 (3.7%) from frozen samples. This is the first record of the occurrence of acid- fast bacterial infection in species of shrimp in Iraq

Isoltation of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and study sensitivity to antibiotic

Aim: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh and frozen chicken and study sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics Methods: A total of (100) liver samples were collected from different market in Baghdad city during period from (10/2020-2/ 2021). The samples were subjected for isolation of following standard bacteriological examinations such as cultural and morphological characteristics, biochemical properties, antibiotics sensitivity (Vancomycin 30 mg, Tetracycline 10mg, Penicilin 10U, Gentamicin 10mg, Amoxicillin 25 mg, Ampicillin 25 mg,Trimethoprim/Sulphamethaxazole 25mg, Streptomycin 25 mg). Results: the results showed  that 30 / 100 (30%) of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 10/50 (20%) for  fresh and 20/50 (40%) for frozen The growth of colony with different characteristics biochemical test indicated positive results, the results  showed that Staphylococcus aureus isolates were senstitive (90%) to Gentamicin and Amoxicillin (80%) to Streptomycinand Vancomycin, (70%) to Trimethoprim/Sulphamethaxazole, (10%) to Ampicillin, and Resistant (90%) to Penicilin (80%) to Ampicillin (60%) to Tetracycline (20%) to Trimethoprim/Sulphamethaxazole (10%) Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin

Study the sensitivity of gram positive bacteria to antibiotic and hot watery extract of red cabbage

Aim This study was conducted to study the sensitivity of some positive bacteria Staphaloccoccus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis to some antibiotics    PenicillinG(10mg), Clarithromycin(15mg), Cefixime(5mg),, Tetracycline (30mg), Amoxillin Clavulanicacid (30mg) ,) Doxycycline(30mg),Trimethoprin (5mg) ,Erythromycin (15mg), Enrofloxacin(5mg), Ampicillin(10mg), the sensitivity results showed that the zone of inhibition was from (10-30)mm in each antibiotic, Staphaloccoccus aureus  Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis sensitivite to 70% and resistant to30% of antibiotic, Listeria monocytogenes sensitivite  to30% and resistant to70% of antibiotic  in this study the antibacterial effect of hot watery extract of Red cabbage(20mg)on these bacteria the result of inhibition zone of extract was from(10-25)mm this indicate that Red cabbage extract play an important antibacterial effect like the antibiotic used in this study

Isoltation of Staphylococcus Aureus From Chicken and Study Sensitivity to Antibiotic

Aim: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh and frozen chicken and study sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics Methods: A total of (100) liver samples were collected from different market in Baghdad city during period from (10/2020-2/ 2021). The samples were subjected for isolation of following standard bacteriological examinations such as cultural and morphological characteristics, biochemical properties, antibiotics sensitivity (Vancomycin 30 mg, Tetracycline 10mg, Penicilin 10U, Gentamicin 10mg, Amoxicillin 25 mg, Ampicillin 25 mg,Trimethoprim/Sulphamethaxazole 25mg, Streptomycin 25 mg). Results: the results showed  that 30 / 100 (30%) of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 10/50 (20%) for  fresh and 20/50 (40%) for frozen The growth of colony with different characteristics biochemical test indicated positive results, the results  showed that Staphylococcus aureus isolates were senstitive (90%) to Gentamicin and Amoxicillin (80%) to Streptomycinand Vancomycin, (70%) to Trimethoprim/Sulphamethaxazole, (10%) to Ampicillin, and Resistant (90%) to Penicilin (80%) to Ampicillin (60%) to Tetracycline (20%) to Trimethoprim/Sulphamethaxazole (10%) Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin

AMFR dysfunction causes autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia in human that is amenable to statin treatment in a preclinical model

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are rare, inherited neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders that mainly present with lower limb spasticity and muscle weakness due to motor neuron dysfunction. Whole genome sequencing identified bi-allelic truncating variants in AMFR, encoding a RING-H2 finger E3 ubiquitin ligase anchored at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in two previously genetically unexplained HSP-affected siblings. Subsequently, international collaboration recognized additional HSP-affected individuals with similar bi-allelic truncating AMFR variants, resulting in a cohort of 20 individuals from 8 unrelated, consanguineous families. Variants segregated with a phenotype of mainly pure but also complex HSP consisting of global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, and progressive spasticity. Patient-derived fibroblasts, neural stem cells (NSCs), and in vivo zebrafish modeling were used to investigate pathomechanisms, including initial preclinical therapy assessment. The absence of AMFR disturbs lipid homeostasis, causing lipid droplet accumulation in NSCs and patient-derived fibroblasts which is rescued upon AMFR re-expression. Electron microscopy indicates ER morphology alterations in the absence of AMFR. Similar findings are seen in amfra-/- zebrafish larvae, in addition to altered touch-evoked escape response and defects in motor neuron branching, phenocopying the HSP observed in patients. Interestingly, administration of FDA-approved statins improves touch-evoked escape response and motor neuron branching defects in amfra-/- zebrafish larvae, suggesting potential therapeutic implications. Our genetic and functional studies identify bi-allelic truncating variants in AMFR as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive HSP by altering lipid metabolism, which may potentially be therapeutically modulated using precision medicine with statins