Prevention aspects for avoiding rollover incidents together for tractors, self-propelled harvesting and material handling machinery

Abstract: Tractors, self-propelled harvesting and material handling machines are the most commonly used self-propelled machineries in Austrian agriculture that have similarities in main rollover incident causes.  The aim of this study was to present sustainable prevention measures against rollovers together for tractors, self-propelled harvesting and material handling machinery based on a new machine evaluation, manufacturer surveys and a literature research.  New machines were investigated concerning their compliance with legal regulations and concerning their current rollover prevention equipment.  By interviewing manufacturers of tractors, self-propelled harvesting machinery and material handling machinery, the challenges with implementing safety measures and the opportunities for rollover incident prevention were worked out.  In addition a literature research on rollover prevention measures was done.  All new vehicles analyzed were equipped with a rollover protective structure as standard equipment.  The manufacturer survey showed that all cabins for tractors were ROPS tested and that ROPS requirements were not adequately implemented on self-propelled harvesters.  The technical possibilities to reduce the rollover risk together for tractors, self-propelled harvesting machinery and material handling machinery were the rollover protective structure, the safety belt, the general chassis concept, a weight sensor, driver assistance systems, and rollover warning devices.  New ITC-based technologies like sensor tools for showing the stability condition of the vehicle can prevent a rollover, but the driver’s inhibitions to face more dangerous situations are thereby increased.   Keywords: agricultural machinery, rollover, prevention, manufacturer survey, machine evaluatio

Scenarios and causes of rollover incidents with self-propelled agricultural machinery in Austria

 Rollovers are the most common incidents with tractors, self-propelled harvesting and agricultural materials handling machinery in Austrian agriculture.  The precise identification of rollover incident scenarios and causes with these vehicles is the aim of the study. In order to achieve this, incident victims were interviewed and incident reports were analysed.  To derive information from report and interview material the qualitative content analysis was used.  The analysis showed that rollovers with tractors, self-propelled harvesting machinery and materials handling machinery showed similarities in terms of causes, circumstances and consequences although they are quite different in vehicle concept, operation and use.  The rollovers were mostly influenced by the work tasks and the environmental conditions.  Incorrect or inappropriate vehicle use by the driver and technical defects were also important incident causes.  It was possible to work out seven conjoint main causes and 15 subcauses that were categorized in a structured class system.   Keywords: incident, agricultural machinery, rollover, victim survey, content analysi

A Returnable Transport Item to Integrate Logistics 4.0 and Circular Economy in Pharma Supply Chains

Recent global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the climate crisis, force the pharma logistics sector to rapidly improve their processes and establish more resilient and sustainable medical supply chains. For this purpose, the pharma logistics sector needs to catch up in Industry 4.0 adoption and establish circular economies. In the context of the applied research project DigiPharmaLogNet, a prototypic returnable transport item (RTI) is enhanced with communication technology and piloted in pharma-specific use-cases. The results will build the base for developing business models and roadmaps towards sustainable pharma logistics networks. This article describes the technological developments and economical evaluations of potential business models

SKI GLIDING TECHNIQUE ON A QUASI STATIC LABORATORY DEVICE-COMPARISON WITH THE SITUATION "ON SNOW" AND POSSIBILITIES OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT

The purpose of this paper is to introduce possibilities for the enhancement of the gliding performance in alpine ski racing using a specific gliding device. This device is used in our laboratory for evaluating and adjusting ski equipment on the one hand, and to give specific feedback on the athletes gliding technique on the other hand. Two independent studies will be presented to show transfer effects from the lab situation to the situation on snow. The first study examines the correlation between the force distribution while gliding on the device and gliding on snow (n=6 female elite skiers). Study two (experimental group n= 8; control group n=8) describes the changes of the force distribution on the device and the gliding time in a field test after 9 weeks of specific dry land training. The results of study 1 shows that the correlation between the situations is not as high as expected. The results from study 2 (significant change of force distribution on the device) show that we can quantify some relevant coordinative parameters of the gliding movement. One could conclude that performance diagnostics on the device is not sufficient to describe the complete gliding abilities of athletes. On the other hand athletes can use the device for specific coordination training, especially as it offers various options for feedback

Towards a checklist of the lichens of the Alps

The Alps are one of the largest continuous natural areas in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres across eight countries, and including fourteen national parks. The Alpine Convention emphasizes the importance of this area and encourages transnational research and conservation projects. Lichens as unique models of fungal symbioses with macroscopically recognizable, light-exposed individuals are important colonizers of rock, soil and plant material, and they are a dominant symbiotic life form of higher altitudes in the Alps. National checklists or catalogues exist for Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland. The compilation of a catalogue of the lichenized fungi of the Alps is a long overdue task and will enable us to compare, for instance, the genera or species diversity of the Alps with those of other mountain systems of the world. We have summarized the abundant but scattered baseline information on lichen biodiversity in the Alps, which will lead to a transnational inventory of all lichen taxa (c. 3,000), including data on their horizontal and vertical distribution and their ecology. This information will be of use for experts, decision-makers, and citizen scientists

Refining the picture: new records to the lichen biota of Italy

Based on the analysis of both historical and recent collections, this paper reports an annotated list of taxa which are new to the lichen biota of Italy or of its administrative regions. Specimens were identified using a dissecting and a compound microscope; routine chemical spot tests and standardized thin-layer chromatography (TLC or HPTLC). The list includes 225 records of 153 taxa. Twenty taxa are new to Italy, the others are new to one or more administrative regions, with 15 second records and 5 third records for Italy. Some of the species belong to recently-described taxa, others are poorly known, sterile or ephemeral lichens which were largely overlooked in Italy. Several species are actually rare, either because of the rarity of their habitats (e.g. old-growth forests), or because in Italy they are at the margins of their bioclimatic distribution. The picture of the lichen biota of Italy has now new pixels, but its grain is still coarse. Further analysis of historical collections, increased efforts in the exploration of some areas, and the taxonomic revision of critical groups are still necessary to provide more complete distributional data for new biogeographic hypotheses, taxonomic and ecological research, and biodiversity conservation

A hotspot of lichen diversity and lichenological research in the Alps: the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park (Italy)

A checklist of 916 lichenised taxa is reported from the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park and its surroundings (Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy), based on 7351 records from: (a) 72 literature sources, (b) eight public and private herbaria and (c) field observations by some of the authors. The study area appears as a hotspot of lichen diversity, hosting 30.1% of the lichen biota of the Alps in a territory that has 0.064% of their total surface area. This is mainly due to its high climatical, geological and orographic heterogeneity, but also to the long history of lichenological exploration, that started in the 19th century with Ferdinand Arnold and is still ongoing. The present work highlights the importance of detailed species inventories to support knowledge of biodiversity patterns, taxonomy and ecology and to properly address conservation issues. Fuscidea mollis var. caesioalbescens, Hydropunctaria scabra, Protoparmelia badia var. cinereobadia and Variospora paulii are new to Italy, 18 other taxa are new to Trentino-Alto Adige

The lichens of the Alps \u2013 an annotated checklist

This is the first attempt to provide an overview of the lichen diversity of the Alps, one of the biogegraphically most important and emblematic mountain systems worldwide. The checklist includes all lichenised species, plus a set of non- or doubtfully lichenised taxa frequently treated by lichenologists, excluding non-lichenised lichenicolous fungi. Largely based on recent national or regional checklists, it provides a list of all infrageneric taxa (with synonyms) hitherto reported from the Alps, with data on their distribution in eight countries (Austria, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland) and in 42 Operational Geographic Units, mostly corresponding to administrative subdivisions within the countries. Data on the main substrates and on the altitudinal distribution are also provided. A short note points to the main ecological requirements of each taxon and/or to open taxonomic problems. Particularly poorly known taxa are flagged and often provided with a short description, to attract the attention of specialists. The total number of infrageneric taxa is 3,163, including 117 non- or doubtfully lichenised taxa. The richness of the lichen biota fairly well corresponds with the percent of the Alpine area occupied by each country: Austria (2,337 taxa), Italy (2,169), France (2,028), Switzerland (1,835), Germany (1,168), Slovenia (890) and Lichtenstein (152), no lichen having ever been reported from Monaco. The number of poorly known taxa is quite high (604, 19.1% of the total), which indicates that, in spite of the Alps being one of the lichenologically most studied mountain systems worldwide, much work is still needed to reach a satisfactory picture of their real lichen diversity. Thirteen new combinations are proposed in the genera Agonimia, Aspicilia, Bagliettoa, Bellemerea, Carbonea, Lepra, Miriquidica, Polysporina, Protothelenella, Pseudosagedia and Thelidium

Programming of a Five-Axis Machining Center in the Design Coordinate System

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