Strategies to limit degradation and maximize Li-ion battery service lifetime - critical review and guidance for stakeholders

The relationship between battery operation and their degradation and service life is complex and not well synthesized or communicated. There is a resulting lack of awareness about best practices that influence service life and degradation. Battery degradation causes premature replacement or product retirement, resulting in environmental burdens from producing and processing new battery materials, as well as early end-of-life burdens. It also imposes a significant cost on the consumer, as batteries can contribute to over 25% of the product cost for consumer electronics, over 35% for electric vehicles, and over 50% for power tools. We review and present mechanisms, methods, and guidelines focused on preserving battery health and limiting degradation. The review includes academic literature as well as reports and information published by industry. The goal is to provide practical guidance, metrics, and methods to improve environmental performance of battery systems used in electronics (i.e., cellphones and laptops), vehicles, and cordless power tools to ultimately better inform users as well as battery designers, suppliers, vehicle and device manufacturers, and material recovery and recycling organizations.Master of ScienceSchool for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of Michiganhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154859/1/Woody_Maxwell_Thesis.pd

Decarbonization potential of electrifying 50% of U.S. light-duty vehicle sales by 2030

Abstract The U.S. federal government has established goals of electrifying 50% of new light-duty vehicle sales by 2030 and reducing economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions 50-52% by 2030, from 2005 levels. Here we evaluate the vehicle electrification goal in the context of the economy-wide emissions goal. We use a vehicle fleet model and a life cycle emissions model to project vehicle sales, stock, and emissions. To account for state-level variability in electric vehicle adoption and electric grid emissions factors, we apply the models to each state. By 2030, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by approximately 25% (from 2005) for the light-duty vehicle fleet, primarily due to fleet turnover of conventional vehicles. By 2035, emissions reductions approach 45% if both vehicle electrification and grid decarbonization goals (100% by 2035) are met. To meet climate goals, the transition to electric vehicles must be accompanied by an accelerated decarbonization of the electric grid and other actions

Hydrogen Roadmap for the State of Michigan Workshop Report

The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (OCED) intends to issue a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) entitled “Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs” (H2Hubs) in collaboration with the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s (EERE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) and the DOE Hydrogen Program. The Notice of Intent to release this FOA indicates that the H2Hubs “will form the foundation of a national clean hydrogen network that will contribute substantially to decarbonizing multiple sectors of the economy while also enabling regional and community benefits.” The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law includes $8 billion of funding for this effort and is expected to result in at least four H2Hubs across the U.S. In advance of this announcement, and to identify potential near- and long-term hydrogen deployment opportunities and key enabling factors, the Center for Sustainable Systems (CSS) at the University of Michigan convened the Hydrogen Roadmap for the State of Michigan workshop on May 20, 2022 with support from the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) and the University of Michigan Office of Research (UMOR). The CSS research team evaluated hydrogen production, delivery and storage, and end-use application technologies, as well as hydrogen roadmaps and strategy documents from around the world, and presented findings at the Workshop for feedback. The 73 participants at the workshop, who represented commercial, governmental, and academic organizations, also provided input on the location and clustering of Michigan and regional assets related to hydrogen production and use (both current and potential). The information compiled and presented in this Workshop Report is a high-level assessment intended to guide planning and future detailed analysis. A hydrogen ecosystem encompasses production, delivery, storage, and end-use applications, as illustrated in Exhibit ES-1.1 The design of a hydrogen ecosystem for Michigan begins with quantifying the end-use applications for hydrogen, which then defines the demand for production, delivery, and storage of hydrogen. More detailed analysis of demand than is presented here is necessary in order to make decisions on which end uses and production methods should be pursued in Michigan and across the wider region. After characterizing the opportunities and challenges for each hydrogen end-use, production, delivery, and storage technology, we explore their spatial distribution in Michigan and across the Midwest region. Current Michigan and regional assets and potential hydrogen transition industries were compiled and mapped to identify potential hydrogen demand clusters. A summary map is presented as Figure ES-1. The evaluation and spatial mapping of technologies provides the foundation for the hydrogen technology deployment recommendations for Michigan that are presented below.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/191567/1/CSS22-17_MI Hydrogen Roadmap Workshop Report.pdfDescription of CSS22-17_MI Hydrogen Roadmap Workshop Report.pdf : Main ReportSEL