America, le passage du Sud-Ouest

Vincennes, Sud- Ouest de Paris, Francis Geffard, libraire – mais aussi secrétaire général du festival America – et Brigitte Maury, directrice du réseau des bibliothèques, conjuguent leurs efforts pour faire du festival America un lieu de passage entre leurs territoires respectifs

Faire connaître et valoriser sa bibliothèque

Comment faire connaître sa bibliothèque, rendre lisible son offre, valoriser ses évolutions ? Quels outils utiliser ? Quelles compétences intégrer ? Quelle organisation mettre en place ? Ces questions s'imposent aujourd'hui aux professionnels qui doivent améliorer la notoriété de leurs établissements et faire évoluer leur image. Dans ce livre, la relation avec les publics est placée au cœur du processus de communication, tant pour le contact en direct, les échanges en ligne, que pour le soin apporté aux espaces, à la signalétique, et à la conception de documents. Construire un plan de communication, mener une campagne d'affichage, réinventer un guide du lecteur, reformuler le règlement intérieur, créer un avatar ou partir à la conquête d'un public spécifique sont autant d'actions qui demandent à la fois de bâtir une stratégie d'ensemble et de maîtriser des savoirs pratiques et concrets. Pour chacune des réalisations évoquées, un mode opératoire précis indique la méthode et les étapes à prendre en compte. Coordonné par Jean-Marc Vidal, conservateur à la bibliothèque municipale de Grenoble, cet ouvrage collectif, qui réunit bibliothécaires, graphiste, responsable de communication, sociologue, rend compte d'expériences multiples menées dans des bibliothèques publiques et universitaires. La communication avec les publics apparaît ainsi comme l'un des éléments révélateurs des transformations des bibliothèques

5. Les bibliothèques en campagne !

Si quelques bibliothèques ont été novatrices sur les questions de communication, les outils d’information déployés par la plupart des bibliothèques sont longtemps demeurés traditionnels et à l’usage des seuls publics fréquentant déjà les lieux, relevant davantage de l’artisanat que de la communication professionnelle. Tandis qu’un tournant a été pris ces dernières années en matière d’aménagement des espaces, de modernisation des services offerts, d’innovation technologique, de nombreuses bibl..

O-methyltransferase(s)-suppressed plants produce lower amounts of phenolic vir inducers and are less susceptible to Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection

International audienceThe first step of Agrobacterium tumefaciens/plant interaction corresponds to the activation of a transduction pathway of the bacterium by plant exudate. Phenolic compounds rapidly secreted by wounded plant cells induce the expression of bacterial virulence (vir) genes; however, little is known about their biosynthesis in plant. Here we show that inoculation of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulent strain on orthodiphenol-O-methyltransferases-suppressed tobacco plants leads to significantly smaller tumors compared to control plants. These transgenic plants are inhibited for caffeic acid O-methyltransferase class I or II (OMT; EC 2.1.1.6) and/or caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT; EC 2.1.1.104) that are involved in monolignol biosynthesis. The significant decrease of tumor size could be suppressed by the pre-activation of bacterial virulence, before inoculation, using acetosyringone a known vir inducer. Total soluble phenolic amounts and cell wall composition analyzed by FT-IR analysis did not show significant differences between transgenic and control plants. The potential of phenolic extracts from control and OMT-suppressed plants to induce virulence was evaluated using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain carrying a vir::LacZ gene fusion plasmid. Lower vir-inducing activities were recorded for plants that show inhibition to caffeic acid O-methyltransferase activity. HPLC analysis confirmed that the levels of several phenolic compounds were differently affected by wounding and/or by bacterial inoculation. Statistical correlations were established between tumor sizes, vir-inducing activities, O-methyltransferases proteins accumulations and the levels of various soluble phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone. These results demonstrate the role of the O-methyltransferases of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the early production of soluble Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir inducers

Breeding for resistance to plant value (Chapter 2)

* INRA, URD, Domaine Saint-Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, Cedex 9International audienc

Synthesis, Linear, and Quadratic-Nonlinear Optical Properties of Octupolar D 3 and D 2 d Bipyridyl Metal Complexes

International audienceA series of D3 (FeII, RuII, ZnII, HgII) and D2d (CuI, AgI, ZnII) octupolar metal complexes featuring different functionalized bipyridyl ligands has been synthesized, and their thermal, linear (absorption and emission), and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were determined. Their quadratic NLO susceptibilities were determined by harmonic light scattering at 1.91 μm, and the molecular hyperpolarizability (β0) values are in the range of 200–657×10−30 esu for octahedral complexes and 70–157×10−30 esu for tetrahedral complexes. The octahedral zinc(II) complex 1 e, which contains a 4,4′-oligophenylenevinylene-functionalized 2,2′-bipyridine, exhibits the highest quadratic hyperpolarizability ever reported for an octupolar derivative (λmax=482 nm, β1.91(1 e)=870×10−30 esu, β0(1 e)=657×10−30 esu). Herein, we demonstrate that the optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are strongly influenced by the symmetry of the complexes, the nature of the ligands (donor endgroups and π linkers), and the nature of the metallic centers. For example, the length of the π-conjugated backbone, the Lewis acidity of the metal ion, and the increase of ligand-to-metal ratio result in a substantial enhancement of β. The contribution of the metal-to-ligand (MLCT) transition to the molecular hyperpolarizability is also discussed with respect to octahedral d6 complexes (M=Fe, Ru)

Near IR Nonlinear Absorbing Chromophores with Optical Limiting Properties at Telecommunication Wavelengths

International audienceDipolar and symmetrical heptamethine dyes featuring strong linear absorption in the near-infrared spectral range (700−900 nm) were prepared at a gram scale. X-ray crystallographic structure of the dipolar chromophore is described revealing the remarkable planarity of the polyenic chain due to the central ring of the molecule. These chromophores present promising nonlinear absorption properties at telecommunication wavelengths (1400−1600 nm):  (i) significant two-photon cross-sections were measured using the femtosecond Z-scan method, and (ii) their exceptional solubility allows us to carry out an optical-limiting experiment at 1500 nm in the nanosecond regime. In this regime, experimental data were interpreted on the basis of two-photon absorption (2PA) and 2PA-induced excited-state absorption (ESA). Finally, these systems, which present a lot of relevant properties (significant nonlinear absorption properties, two-step gram scale synthesis, high solubility, good thermal stability, and several sites of functionalization), open the way to numerous practical applications in biology, solid-state optical limiting, and signal processing