178,579 research outputs found
Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors
We report quantitative relations between corruption level and economic
factors, such as country wealth and foreign investment per capita, which are
characterized by a power law spanning multiple scales of wealth and investments
per capita. These relations hold for diverse countries, and also remain stable
over different time periods. We also observe a negative correlation between
level of corruption and long-term economic growth. We find similar results for
two independent indices of corruption, suggesting that the relation between
corruption and wealth does not depend on the specific measure of corruption.
The functional relations we report have implications when assessing the
relative level of corruption for two countries with comparable wealth, and for
quantifying the impact of corruption on economic growth and foreign
investments.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Radical Financial Innovation
Radical financial innovation is the development of new institutions and methods that permit risk management to be extended far beyond its former realm, covering important new classes of risks. This paper compares past such innovation with potential future innovation, looking at the process that produced past success and the possibilities for future financial innovation.Risk management, Institutions, Incomplete markets, Livelihood insurance, Behavioral finance, Livelihood risks, Home equity insurance, Country risks
Distance-two labelings of digraphs
For positive integers , an -labeling of a digraph is a
function from into the set of nonnegative integers such that
if is adjacent to in and if
is of distant two to in . Elements of the image of are called
labels. The -labeling problem is to determine the
-number of a digraph , which
is the minimum of the maximum label used in an -labeling of . This
paper studies - numbers of digraphs. In particular, we
determine - numbers of digraphs whose longest dipath is of
length at most 2, and -numbers of ditrees having dipaths
of length 4. We also give bounds for -numbers of bipartite
digraphs whose longest dipath is of length 3. Finally, we present a linear-time
algorithm for determining -numbers of ditrees whose
longest dipath is of length 3.Comment: 12 pages; presented in SIAM Coference on Discrete Mathematics, June
13-16, 2004, Loews Vanderbilt Plaza Hotel, Nashville, TN, US
Heavy-Quarkonia in the Star Experiment
Heavy Quarkonium states modifications in relativistic heavy ion collisions
have been of great interest since the proposal by Matsui and Satz of J/psi
suppression as a signature of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation. Recent
studies suggest that the excited states chi_c, psi(2S) and Upsilon(3S) melt
sequentially[1,2] and the amount of observed suppression depends on the state
and medium conditions. Therefore, this suppression pattern may be used as a
probe of the medium temperature. In this work we present preliminary results on
the charmonium and bottomnium measurements performed by the STAR experiment at
RHIC for p+p and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(s_{NN})=200GeVComment: Proceedings of X Hadron Physics, submitted to Int. Journal of Mod.
Phys.
Quarkonia Measurements with STAR
We report results on quarkonium production from the STAR experiment at the
Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). J/psi spectra in p+p and Cu+Cu
collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV with transverse momenta in the range of 0.5-14
GeV/c and 5-8 GeV/c, respectively, are presented. We find that for p_T > 5
GeV/c yields in p+p collisions are consistent with those in minimum-bias Cu+Cu
collisions scaled with the respective number of binary nucleon-nucleon
collisions. In this range the nuclear modification factor, R_AA, is measured to
be 0.9+-0.2(stat). For the first time at RHIC, high-p_T J/psi-hadron
correlations were studied in p+p collisions. Implications from our measurements
on J/psi production mechanisms, constraints on open bottom yields, and J/psi
dissociation mechanisms at high-p_T are discussed. In addition, we give a brief
status of measurements of Upsilon production in p+p and Au+Au collisions and
present projections of future quarkonia measurements based on an upgrades to
the STAR detector and increased luminosity achieved through stochastic cooling
of RHIC.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Prepared for 3rd International Conference on Hard
and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes
2008), A Toxa, Spain, June 8-14, 200
The Case for Trills: Giving the People and Their Pension Funds a Stake in the Wealth of the Nation
We make the case for the U.S. government to issue a new security with a coupon tied to the United States’ current dollar GDP. This security might pay, for example, a coupon of one-trillionth of the GDP, and we propose the name "Trill" be used to refer to this new security. This new debt instrument should be of great interest to the Government for its stabilizing influence on the budget (as coupon payments fall in a recession with declining tax revenues) and for its yield, based on our valuation. Standard asset pricing analysis also suggests that Trills would enable important new portfolio diversification strategies and, in contrast to available assets that protect relative standards of living in retirement, Trills would have virtually no counterparty risk. We believe there would be a lively appetite for the Trill from institutional investors, public and private pension funds, as well as the individual investor.GDP-linked bonds, Aggregate risk, Income risk, Inflation-indexed bonds, MacroShares, U.S. Treasury, Treasury Inflation Protection Securities (TIPS), Intergenerational risk sharing, International risk sharing, Hedging, Portfolio diversification, Market portfolio
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