Avaliação da qualidade das informações relativas aos óbitos em menores de um ano em Blumenau,1998 Quality assessment of death related data of under one year old infants in Blumenau, 1998

OBJETIVOS: quantificar o sub-registro e avaliar a qualidade das informações dos óbitos infantis em Blumenau, durante o ano de 1998. MÉTODOS: foram obtidas informações de 125 óbitos registrados nos cartórios de registro civil e de outros 12 óbitos junto aos hospitais de Blumenau. Preencheu-se uma Declaração de Óbito Nova (DO Nova) para comparação com cada Declaração de Óbito Original (DO Original), com base nas informações dos prontuários hospitalares. Foram comparados os novos coeficientes de mortalidade infantil e sub-componentes com os originais e determinada a concordância entre variáveis. RESULTADOS: observou-se um sub-registro de 8,8% de óbitos, verificando-se que: os coeficientes oficiais são Coeficiente de Mortalidade Infantil 16,7; Coeficiente de Mortalidade Perinatal 21,0; Coeficiente de Mortalidade Neonatal 12,8; Coeficiente de Mortalidade Pós-neonatal 3,9; e os novos são 18,0; 23,0; 13,8; e 4,1 respectivamente. As variáveis sócio-demográficas dos óbitos fetais e não fetais são mal preenchidas tanto na DO Original como nos prontuários médicos. No geral, as DO Originais de óbitos fetais são pior preenchidas que as de óbitos não fetais. O índice Kappa entre as DOs Originais e Novas para causas perinatais e malformações congênitas foi de 0,73 e 0,80, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: apesar do sub-registro e da insatisfatória qualidade das informações sócio-demográficas dos óbitos infantis, as causas podem ser utilizadas para planejamento em saúde em vista da boa concordância observada.OBJECTIVES: to quantify inaccurate and missing information and to assess the quality of data related to infant deaths in Blumenau during the year of 1998. METHODS: information was obtained on 125 deaths entered in the civil registration records and of 12 other deaths from hospitals in Blumenau. A new Death Certificate was filled (New DC) for comparison with each original Death Certificate (Original DC) based on hospital records information. New coefficients of child mortality and underlying causes were compared with the original information and the consistency between variables was determined. RESULTS: an inaccuracy of 8,8% of the death records were demonstrated with the following outcomes: official coefficients are Child Mortality Coefficient 16,7; Perinatal Mortality Coefficient 21,0, Neonatal Mortality Coefficient 3,9, and the new ones depicted, 18,0, 23,1, 13,8 and 4,1 respectively. Social and demographic variables of fetal and non-fetal deaths are poorly reported not only in the Death Certificates but in hospital records as well. In general the Original Death Certificates for fetal deaths are worse than those of non-fetal deaths. The Kappa index between Original Death Certificates and New Death Certificates for perinatal causes and congenital malformations was of 0,73 and 0,80 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: notwithstanding the deficiency of information and unsatisfactory quality of the social and demographic data of infant deaths, the causes could be used for health planning considering their consistency

Encefalopatia hepática: relatório da 1º reunião monotemática da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a functional disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with liver failure, either end-stage chronic liver disease or fulminant hepatic failure. Its pathogenesis remains complex and poorly understood. In view of recent advances in the management of HE, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology endorsed a monothematic meeting regarding HE in order to gather experts in the field to discuss related data and to draw evidence-based recommendations concerning: management of HE and intracranial hypertension in FHF, treatment of episodic HE in cirrhosis, controversies in the management of EH including difficult to treat cases and diagnostic and treatment challenges for minimal HE. The purpose of this review is to summarize the lectures and recommendations made by the panel of experts of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é um distúrbio funcional do sistema nervoso central (SNC) associado à insuficiência hepática, de fisiopatologia multifatorial e complexa. Devido aos avanços no conhecimento sobre o manejo da EH na cirrose e na insuficiência hepática aguda (IHA), a diretoria da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia (SBH) promoveu uma reunião monotemática acerca da fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da EH, abordando aspectos controversos relacionados ao tema. Com a utilização de sistemática da medicina baseada em evidências, foram abordados o manejo da EH e da hipertensão intracraniana na IHA, o manejo da EH episódica na cirrose, as controvérsias no manejo da EH e a abordagem da EH mínima. O objetivo desta revisão é resumir os principais tópicos discutidos na reunião monotemática e apresentar recomendações sobre o manejo da síndrome votadas pelo painel de expertos da SBH

Amino acid supplementation and impact on immune function in the context of exercise

Moderate and chronic bouts of exercise may lead to positive metabolic, molecular, and morphological adaptations, improving health. Although exercise training stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their overall intracellular concentration may not reach damaging levels due to enhancement of antioxidant responses. However, inadequate exercise training (i.e., single bout of high-intensity or excessive exercise) may result in oxidative stress, muscle fatigue and muscle injury. Moreover, during the recovery period, impaired immunity has been reported, for example; excessive-inflammation and compensatory immunosuppression. Nutritional supplements, sometimes referred to as immuno-nutrients, may be required to reduce immunosuppression and excessive inflammation. Herein, we discuss the action and the possible targets of key immuno-nutrients such as L-glutamine, L-arginine, branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and whey protein

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ