Bioethanol Dehydration Process using NaOH-Activated Zeolite at Various Concentration and Zeolite Weight

Utilization of molasses as basic material for producing bioethanol becomes one of the promising efforts to fulfill the demand of fuel and diminish the dependence upon fossil fuel that its availability is increasingly rare. However, ethanol produced from fermentation of molasses has low purity. The purity could be increased by using dehydration method and zeolite activated by NaOH and alum as alumina source. The research is aimed to know the dehydration process of bioethanol use NaOH-activated zeolite at various concentration and zeolite weight on the purification of bioethanol. In this research, the experiments could be categorized into 4 groups, they are activation of zeolite, fermentation, distillation, and dehydration process. Activation of natural zeolite performed by entering of sized 120-150 mesh zeolite powder was added to glass beaker that contains  NaOH aqueous solution and followed by adding alum which took place at 80 ˚C for 8 hours and the final product calcinated at 600 ˚ C for 2 hour. Fermentation process was managed for 6 days and pH 5. Furthermore, bioethanol was separated by distillation method at 78,5 - 85 ˚C and followed by molecular sieve dehydration using zeolite activated by NaOH solution in variation of zeolite weight (30, 40 and 50 %) and NaOH concentration (1, 2, 3 dan 4 M). The amount of bioethanol was measured by gas chromatography method. Bioethanol concentration as fermentation product is 29,8 %. The result revealed that dehydration with 30% w.t zeolite activated by 2 M NaOH solution had the best activity in bioethanol purification with amount of bioethanol is 53,76 %, Increased Levels of Bioethanol (ILB) value is 80,39 % and Adsorption Capacity of Zeolite (ACZ) is 399,31 %. Keywords: bioethanol, concentration of NaOH, dehydration, molasses, molecular sieve, weight of zeolit

Potential of extract rice bran fermented by Rhizopus oryzae as antibacterial against Salmonella typhi

The availability of bioactive compounds in rice bran can be increased through fermentation. This study aim to determine the effect of rice bran fermentation time by Rhizhopus Oryzae and rice bran extract concentration on antibacterial activity against Salmonella thypi. The time of rice bran fermentation were 5 and 7 days while as a control was rice bran without fermentation. Antibacterial test used the disk diffusion method with various concentrations of fermented and unfermented rice bran ethanol extracts which were 25%, 12.5% and 6.25% (w/v) as positive control using chloramphenicol and DMSO as negative control. The highest zone inhibitory analysis showed that the antibacterial activity of fermented rice bran extract for 5 days was 13.03 ± 3.08 mm, while for 7 days was 7.9 ± 3.44 mm and unfermented rice bran was 9.73 ± 1.1 mm. The results of this study showed that the fermented rice bran ethanol extract for 5 days had the highest antibacterial activity for inhibiting the growth of Salmonella thyp

Kinetika reaksi enzimatis ekstrak kasar enzim selulase bakteri selulolitik hasil isolasi dari bekatul

Bran rice is a by-product of rice into rice milling process, the cellulose content of 40-60%, so the potential as a carbon source for the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria to produce enzymes particularly cellulolytic bacteria. The purpose of the study was to determine the diversity of the characters from the cellulolytic bacterial isolates and optimum conditions enzyme (cellulase enzymes rough) so that they can hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose with either rice bran. The characterization includes the determination of pH, temperature and time of optimum crude extract of bacterial cellulolytic enzyme cellulase, determination of Vmax and Km and molecular mass determination of cellulase. Research methods include making media, regeneration of isolates, bacterial growth curve manufacturing, production of cellulase enzymes from bacterial cellulolytic rough at the optimum conditions, the kinetics of enzymatic reaction: substrate concentration factor of the reaction rate (with variation of the concentration of 0.50%, 0.75%, 1 , 00%, 1.25% and 1.50% (w / v)) followed by calculating the Vmax and Km. The results showed that the enzyme cellulase of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from rice bran result that has optimum conditions at pH 7.5, temperature 50 ° C, 40 min incubation time to produce Vmax 0.0086 units / mL and Km 1.694%

Short-term Momordica charantia L. Fruit Concentrated Infusions Therapy on Alloxan-Induced Rattus norvegicus Kidney Glomerulus Cells Histology

The aim of this research is to know the effect of short-term bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.) fruit concentrated infusions therapy on the histology of alloxan-induced rat kidney glomerulus. Renal glomerular histology was observed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) test. A therapeutic dose of bitter melon fruit concentrated therapy used was 0.15 mL/200 g BW; 0.30 mL/200 g BW; 0.45 mL/200 g BW; 0.60 mL/200 g BW; 0.80 mL/200 g BW and 1 mL/200 g BW. The results showed that the bitter melon fruit concentrated infusions therapy on alloxan-induced DM rats was able to decrease the Blood Glucose Levels (BGL) of the treated rats in varying degrees. The therapy also successfully repairs the damage kidney glomerulus cells of all rats treated with an average bowman's space improvement of 110% of healthy rat's kidney glomerulus cells. It appears that the mechanism of the bitter melon active substance in reducing the BGL occurs through a different path to its mechanism in repairing damaged glomerulus cells