Anesthetic management of a horse with traumatic pneumothorax

A traumatic pneumothorax and severe hemorrhage were present in a mare with a large thoracic wall defect, lung perforation, and multiple rib fractures. General anesthesia was induced to allow surgical exploration. We describe the anesthetic technique, and discuss the management of the ventilatory, hemodynamic, and metabolic disturbances encountered

Chlamydiae assemble a pathogen synapse to hijack the host endoplasmic reticulum

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that replicate within a specialised membrane-bound compartment, termed an ‘inclusion’. The inclusion membrane is a critical host-pathogen interface, yet the extent of its interaction with cellular organelles and the origin of this membrane remain poorly defined. Here we show that the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is specifically recruited to the inclusion, and that key rough ER (rER) proteins are enriched on and translocated into the inclusion. rER recruitment is a Chlamydia-orchestrated process that occurs independently of host trafficking. Generation of infectious progeny requires an intact ER, since ER vacuolation early during infection stalls inclusion development, whereas disruption post ER recruitment bursts the inclusion. Electron tomography and immunolabelling of Chlamydia-infected cells reveal ‘pathogen synapses’ at which ordered arrays of chlamydial type III secretion complexes connect to the inclusion membrane only at rER contact sites. Our data demonstrate a supramolecular assembly involved in pathogen hijack of a key host organelle

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity: Not always an allergy!

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a major cause of hypersensitivity reactions. Several distinct clinical syndromes are described regarding NSAID hypersensitivity. Such a reaction is generally caused by a non-immunological mechanism. In susceptible patients, COX-1 inhibition leads to an imbalance in lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins. It is essential to distinguish multiple nonspecific NSAID hypersensitivity from single NSAID hypersensitivity, since the management of these respective syndromes is essentially different. This review provides an overview on all the aspects of NSAID hypersensitivity reactions, from pathophysiology to clinical symptoms, leading practical recommendations

Numerical quantification of sources and phase partitioning of chemical species in cloud: Application to wintertime anthropogenic air masses at the Puy de Dôme station

International audienceThe Model of Multiphase Cloud Chemistry M2C2 has recently been extended to account for nucleation scavenging of aerosol particles in the cloud water chemical composition. This extended version has been applied to multiphase measurements available at the Puy de Dôme station for typical wintertime anthropogenic air masses. The simulated ion concentrations in cloud water are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The analysis of the sources of the chemical species in cloud water shows an important contribution from nucleation scavenging of particles which prevails for nitrate, sulphate and ammonium. Moreover, the simulation shows that iron, which comes only from the dissolution of aerosol particles in cloud water, has a significant contribution in the hydroxyl radical production. Finally, the simulated phase partitioning of chemical species in cloud are compared with measurements. Numerical results show an underestimation of interstitial particulate phase fraction with respect to the measurements, which could be due to an overestimation of activated mass by the model. However, the simulated number scavenging efficiency of particles agrees well with the measured value of 40% of total number of aerosol particles activated in cloud droplets. Concerning the origin of chemical species in cloud water, the model reproduces quite well the contribution of gas and aerosol scavenging estimated from measurements. In addition, the simulation provides the contribution of in-cloud chemical reactivity to cloud water concentrations

Shape Deformation driven Structural Transitions in Quantum Hall Skyrmions

The Quantum Hall ground state away from $\nu = 1$ can be described by a collection of interacting skyrmions. We show within the context of a nonlinear sigma model, that the classical ground state away from $\nu = 1$ is a skyrmion crystal with a generalized N\'eel order. We show that as a function of filling $\nu$, the skyrmion crystal undergoes a triangle to square to triangle transition at zero temperature. We argue that this structural transition, driven by a change in the shape of the individual skyrmions, is stable to thermal and quantum fluctuations and may be probed experimentally.Comment: 4 pages (REVTEX) and 4 .eps figure