Thermospheric heating at high latitudes as observed from intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 and dynamics explorer-B

This paper reports the results of the first direct comparison of near simultaneous measurements obtained by the INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 and the DYNAMICS EXPLORER-B satellites. The ICB-1300 is in a near circular orbit at a mean height of about 850 km. The DE-B satellite in an elliptical orbit is sometimes directly below the ICB-1300 satellite providing an opportunity to investigate the response of the thermosphere to particle fluxes from the magnetosphere. Energy fluxes in the range 0.2-15 keV are obtained from an energetic particle analyzer on board the ICB-1300 satellite. The thermospheric composition and density are obtained by a neutral gas mass spectrometer (NACS) on the DE-B satellite. During the period 20 August-20 November, 1981, observations show tht the times and locations of maxima in magnetospheric energy deposition coincide with regions of maximum thermospheric upwelling characterized by composition changes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25883/1/0000446.pd

Overview of the ISS radiation environment observed during the ESA EXPOSE-R2 mission in 2014-2016

The radiation risk radiometer-dosimeter (R3D)-R2 solid-state detector performed radiation measurements at the European Space Agency EXPOSE-R2 platform outside of the Russian “Zvezda” module at the International Space Station (ISS) from 24 October 2014-11 January 2016. The ISS orbital parameters were: average altitude of 415 km and 51.6° inclination. We developed special software and used experimentally-obtained formulas to determine the radiation flux-to-dose ratio from the R3DR2 Liulin-type deposited-energy spectrometer. We provide for the first time simultaneous, long-term estimates of radiation dose external to the ISS for four source categories: (i) galactic cosmic ray particles and their secondary products; (ii) protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly region of the inner radiation belt (IRB); (iii) relativistic electrons and/or bremsstrahlung in the outer radiation belt (ORB); and (iv) solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The latter category is new in this study. Additionally, in this study, secondary particles (SP) resulting from energetic particle interaction with the detector and nearby materials are identified. These are observed continuously at high latitudes. The detected SPs are identified using the same sorting requirements as SEP protons. The IRB protons provide the highest consistent hourly dose, while the ORB electrons and SEPs provide the most extreme hourly doses. SEPs were observed 11 times during the study interval. The R3DR2 data support calculation of average equivalent doses. The 30-day and 1-year average equivalent doses are much smaller than the skin and eyes doses recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection (Report 132), which provides radiation protection guidance for Low Earth Orbit

Проведення воркшопів з ІКТ-підтримкою в університетах

The article systematizes theoretical and practical experience of organizing classes in the format of dynamic training using the technology of the workshop in higher educational institutions. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the use of integrated workshops with technical (computer) support during classes, as well as remote workshops for the organization of students’ independent work. The practical experience of organizing dynamic training in the form of the workshop for students of Journalism with the use of both an integrated «training workshop» and the possibilities of a free training platform «Prometheus» is presented. Based on the questionnaire of the participants in the training group, the advantages of using the technology of the workshop in the educational process are determined.У статті систематизовано теоретичний і практичний досвід організації заняття у форматі динамічного навчання з використанням технології воркшопу у ВНЗ. Акцентовано увагу на особливостях застосування інтегрованих воркшопів з технічним (комп’ютерним) супроводом під час проведення занять, а також дистанційних воркшопів для організації самостійної роботи студентів. Представлено власний практичний досвід організації динамічного навчання у форматі воркшопу для студентів журналістських спеціальностей із застосуванням як інтегрованої «навчальної майстерні», так і можливостей безкоштовної навчальної платформи «Prometheus». На основі анкетування учасників навчальної групи визначено переваги використання технології воркшопу у навчальному процесі

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events