Effect of whey protein isolate on rehydration after exercise

Studies have examined adding protein to carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration drinks, but the effects of protein in isolation remain unknown. Ten subjects completed two trials in which they were dehydrated (~2% of pre-exercise body mass) by intermittent cycling in the heat. Subjects then rehydrated (150% total mass loss) over 1 h with mineral water (W) or mineral water plus 20 g·L-1 whey protein isolate (WP) and remained in the laboratory for a further 4 h. Blood and urine samples were provided pre-exercise, post-exercise, post-rehydration and every hour thereafter. From blood samples, serum osmolality, change in plasma volume and plasma albumin content was determined, whilst the volume and osmolality of urine samples were determined. There was no difference between trials for total urine volume (W: 1234 (358) mL; WP: 1306 (268) mL; P=0.409), drink retention (W: 40 (14) %; WP: 37 (14) %; P=0.322) or net fluid balance (W: -605 (318) mL; WP: -660 (274) mL; P=0.792) 4 h post-rehdyration. Plasma volume was greater 3 and 4 h post-drinking during WP and plasma albumin content relative to pre-exercise was increased 1-4 h post-drinking in WP only. These results suggest addition of 20 g·L-1 whey protein isolate neither enhances nor inhibits post-exercise rehydration, when a volume equivalent to 150% of sweat losses is ingested in 1 h. As post-exercise nutritional requirements are multifactorial (rehydration, glycogen resynthesis, myofibrillar/ mitochondrial protein synthesis), these data demonstrate that when post-exercise protein intake might benefit recovery or adaptation, this can be achieved without compromising rehydration

Bolus Ingestion of Whey Protein Immediately Post-Exercise Does Not Influence Rehydration Compared to Energy-Matched Carbohydrate Ingestion

Whey protein is a commonly ingested nutritional supplement amongst athletes and regular exercisers; however, its role in post-exercise rehydration remains unclear. Eight healthy male and female participants completed two experimental trials involving the ingestion of 35 g of whey protein (WP) or maltodextrin (MD) at the onset of a rehydration period, followed by ingestion of water to a volume equivalent to 150% of the amount of body mass lost during exercise in the heat. The gastric emptying rates of the solutions were measured using 13C breath tests. Recovery was monitored for a further 3 h by the collection of blood and urine samples. The time taken to empty half of the initial solution (T1/2) was different between the trials (WP = 65.5 ± 11.4 min; MD = 56.7 ± 6.3 min; p = 0.05); however, there was no difference in cumulative urine volume throughout the recovery period (WP = 1306 ± 306 mL; MD = 1428 ± 443 mL; p = 0.314). Participants returned to net negative fluid balance 2 h after the recovery period with MD and 3 h with WP. The results of this study suggest that whey protein empties from the stomach at a slower rate than MD; however, this does not seem to exert any positive or negative effects on the maintenance of fluid balance in the post-exercise period

Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management

Abstract Background Corneal ulcerative disease (CUD) has the potential to adversely affect animal welfare by interfering with vision and causing pain. The study aimed to investigate for the first time the prevalence, breed-based risk factors and clinical management of CUD in the general population of dogs under primary veterinary care in England. Results Of 104,233 dogs attending 110 clinics participating within the VetCompass Programme from January 1st to December 31st 2013, there were 834 confirmed CUD cases (prevalence: 0.80%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.86). Breeds with the highest prevalence included Pug (5.42% of the breed affected), Boxer (4.98%), Shih Tzu (3.45%), Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (2.49%) and Bulldog (2.41%). Purebred dogs had 2.23 times the odds (95% CI 1.84–2.87, P < 0.001) of CUD compared with crossbreds. Brachycephalic types had 11.18 (95% CI 8.72–14.32, P < 0.001) and spaniel types had 3.13 (95% CI 2.38–4.12, P < 0.001) times the odds for CUD compared with crossbreds. Pain was recorded in 385 (46.2%) cases and analgesia was used in 455 (54.6%) of dogs. Overall, 62 (7.4%) cases were referred for advanced management and CUD contributed to the euthanasia decision for 10 dogs. Conclusions Breeds such as the Pug and Boxer, and conformational types such as brachycephalic and spaniels, demonstrated predisposition to CUD in the general canine population. These results suggest that breeding focus on periocular conformation in predisposed breeds should be considered in order to reduce corneal disease

The PRIMARA study:a prospective, descriptive, observational study to review cinacalcet use in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice

Objective: Medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is important in patients for whom surgery is inappropriate. We aimed to describe clinical profiles of adults with PHPT receiving cinacalcet. Design: Descriptive, prospective, observational study in hospital and specialist care centres. Methods: For patients with PHPT aged 23-92 years starting cinacalcet for the first time, information was collected on dosing pattern, biochemistry and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Initial cinacalcet dosage and subsequent dose changes were at the investigator's discretion. Results: Of 303 evaluable patients with pHTP, 134 (44%) had symptoms at diagnosis (mostly bone pain [58] or renal stones [50]). Mean albumin-corrected serum calcium (ACSC) at baseline was 11.4 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L). Reasons for prescribing cinacalcet included: surgery deemed inappropriate (35%), patient declined surgery (28%), and surgery failed or contraindicated (22%). Mean cinacalcet dose was 43.9 (SD, 15.8) mg/day at treatment start and 51.3 (31.8) mg/day at Month 12; 219 (72%) completed 12 months' treatment. The main reason for cinacalcet discontinuation was parathyroidectomy (40; 13%). At 3, 6 and 12 months from the start of treatment, 63%, 69% and 71% of patients, respectively, had an ACSC of ≤10.3 mg/dL versus 9.9% at baseline. Reductions from baseline in ACSC of ≥1 mg/dL were seen in 56%, 63% and 60% of patients, respectively. ADRs were reported in 81 patients (27%), most commonly nausea. 7.6% of patients discontinued cinacalcet due to ADRs. Conclusions: Calcium reductions of ≥1 mg/dL were observed in 60% of patients 12 months after initiating cinacalcet, without notable safety concerns.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe