Barn av vår tid: diagnoskritik och hegeliansk pedagogik

Recension av Westerlund, Jenny (2017). Barn av vår tid. Ett nytt sätt att möta barn med problemskapande beteende i skolan. Lund: Studentlitteratur

Relationär pedagogik - för ett sannare liv : En essäistisk sammanläggning om dys/funktionell uppfostran: exemplet ADHD

Föreliggande doktorsavhandling utgör en pedagogisk-filosofisk studie av diagnosen ADHD som uppfostran. Avhandlingen består av fyra internationellt publicerade artiklar samt en substantiell kappa. Det övergripande syftet är att lägga fram ett pedagogiskt argument för varför en förändring kan förefalla nödvändig om målet är att leva ett mer sant liv. Metoden använd utgörs av en triadisk modell som innefattar den grävande mullvaden, den filosofiska ugglan och den pedagogiska örnen. Det pedagogiska exempel som används i studien är den så kallat neuropsykiatriska diagnosen ADHD. Baserat på en kritisk undersökning av diagnosen ADHD påvisas att denna diagnos inte är vad den sägs vara, utan även någonting annat. Diagnosen ADHD förefaller vara ett symptom på en pedagogisk irrationalitet som hos den enskilde individen re/producerar ”brister” och ”avvikelser” vilket öppnar upp för olika former av mer eller mindre behavioristisk uppfostran. I kappan argumenteras för att diagnosen ADHD bygger på en modern form av sofism, vilken utgör en negativ identitetslogik och en biopedagogik som konstituerar dysfunktionell Andrahet. Vidare visar analysen att diagnosen ADHD inte enbart är irrationell, utan även orättvis, oren, ond och våldsam. Detta resultat bygger på en teoretisk dialog med tänkare som Michel Foucault, Karen Barad, Michel Serres, Baruch Spinoza, och inte minst Alain Badiou. Utifrån Badiou argumenteras för att diagnosen ADHD bygger på ett ändligt pedagogiskt tänkande, framför oändligt många andra sätt att bli till på tillsammans. Platsen för denna pedagogiska möjlighet uppgår i det unika mötet. I detta unika pedagogiska möte öppnas upp för ett gemensamt kreativt utforskande av världen och därmed möjligheten för de olika parterna att leva ett mer sant liv. Avhandlingen avslutas med den retoriska frågan om huruvida pedagogen trofast ska hålla fast vid idén om den universella möjligheten att verka för ett mer sant liv, alternativt genom fortsatt bruk av kvasi-diagnostik – diagnosen ADHD – re/producera en irrationell, orättvis, oren, ond och våldsam uppfostran.The present dissertation is a complitation thesis composed of four published articles and a substantial introduction. The writing style of the introduction is essayistic. The overarching leitmotif is to propose a pedagogical argument for the idea that we need to live otherwise than we live today, if the aim is to live a good, as in a more true, life; i.e. so as to reach eudaimonia through the practice of padeia. The method used is threefold but still unified: it includes the digging mole, the philosophical owl, and the pedagogical eagle. Based on a critical examination of the diagnosis of ADHD (and closely related diagnoses), it is argued that the well-known diagnosis of ADHD is not as clearcut as the dominant “neuropsychiatric” paradigm would have it. This dominant paradigm generally assumes that an increased group of citizens suffers from a neurogenetic “deficit” and “disorder”, and that this group is best managed by medical and behaviorist models of “care” – in the thesis referred to as neuro-behaviorism. In the thesis it is argued that the diagnosis of ADHD (and similar diagnoses) is based on modern sophistry, which forms a negative identity-logic and a bio-pedagogic that results in the constitution, and instrumental treatment, of the (negative category) dysfunctional Other(s).        The analysis shows that the dominant neuropsychiatric paradigm is irrational from a pedagogical point of view. Yet, this dominant paradigm is often referred to as rational. The analysis also shows that the diagnosis of ADHD belongs to a paradigm which is not only irrational, but also injust, inpure, evil, and violent. This result is primarly based on theoretical arguments developed in dialogue with thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Karen Barad, Michel Serres, Baruch Spinoza, and not least the philosopher Alain Badiou. An important argument driving the thesis, which is based on Badiou’s mathematical ontology, is that the diagnosis of ADHD stems from a paradigm that presupposes finite ways of thinking about what it means to be(come) human in an “in-human” world.         Accordingly, the thesis makes for a pedagogical-philosophical critique of the diagnosis of ADHD, but at the same time it formulates a pedagogical alternative beyond the individual diagnosis. Against the dominant techno-positivist (therefore relativist) and pragmatic (therefore non-ontological) paradigm, a differently conceived pedagogical rationality is suggested. This pedagogical rationality is fundamentally relational; the relational alternative suggested is rational and indeeed materialistic. A main ontological axiom that the pedagogical alternative suggested draws from, is that if “the One” is not, then nothing is. This also means that Badiou’s mathemathically based ontology makes it possible to deconstruct every effect of oneness; the ontologically based axiom that there is no a priori “Other”. Yet, what there is (on the level of ontology) is a being that is equivalent with pure multiplicity or infinite alterity named void and symbolized with Ø. The thesis argues that in the void/Ø lies a potential to live a (more) true life. Further it is argued that void/Ø holds a pedagogical potential, via the unique encounter, to make the world exist from the perspective of Two rather than from the perspective of One (the dominant order). It is argued that the place where this unique encounter can take place is the so-called Two-scene of love, and that it is the pedagogue’s “slave-duty” in the world to make room for the Two-scene of love. The thesis closes with the rethorical question if the pedagogue, through a decisive decision, should act militant – as in go many miles – following the universal idea that it is possible for everyone to live a more true life, or if we, as pedagogical subjects, should continue to re/produce a society that through quasi-diagnostics renders equality an in-existent reality

A Disease Called Childhood. Why ADHD Became an American Epidemic

Bokrecension: Wedge, Marilyn (2015). A Disease Called Childhood. Why ADHD Became an American Epidemic. New York: Avery. (250 s.

Mot en posthumanistisk pedagogik i neurocentrismens tidevarv. Exemplet ADHD och den 'bökiga' boken

AbstractThis presentation is based on my article (Un)becoming Dysfunctional: ADHD and How Matter Comes to Matter (2016). The main theme of the article is to problematize the biomedical model of the so-called neuropsychiatric disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Various neuropsychiatric disorders are a common feature today, not least in educational contexts where ADHD is a common diagnosis. The dominant perspective regarding ADHD is biomedical. This perspective has been questioned and challenged in theories where ADHD is seen as a social construction for power and social control. Theorists have also tried to see ADHD as a biopsychosocial disorder. The aim of this article is to think ADHD through quantum physicist and philosopher Karen Barad’s (2007) theory of agential realism. According to Barad, what we perceive as singular entities – or disorders – do not exist in advance. Barad pays attention to the world’s entanglements, and what we perceive as singular objects and subjects are effects of specific and various material-discursive practices acting as agential cuts. The theory of agential realism assigns performativity to matter, which highlights that ADHD is something that continuously comes into being together with human and non-human bodies. The material dimension has not previously been emphasized as a causal factor in studies on ADHD. In this article, the focus is on the agency of the book. As a conclusion, the importance of taking responsibility for every material-discursive practice with which we are always entangled is emphasized. What we think of individual diagnoses aren’t necessarily that individual as we think they are, and therefore we must challenge theoretical models that place individuals in ‘static’ and hierarchic strata

En sjukdom kallad barndom

Recenserad bok: A Disease Called Childhood. Why ADHD Became an American EpidemicFörfattare: Marilyn WedgeFörlag: Avery (250 sidor), 201