Integration of tools for binding archetypes to SNOMED CT

Background The Archetype formalism and the associated Archetype Definition Language have been proposed as an ISO standard for specifying models of components of electronic healthcare records as a means of achieving interoperability between clinical systems. This paper presents an archetype editor with support for manual or semi-automatic creation of bindings between archetypes and terminology systems. Methods Lexical and semantic methods are applied in order to obtain automatic mapping suggestions. Information visualisation methods are also used to assist the user in exploration and selection of mappings. Results An integrated tool for archetype authoring, semi-automatic SNOMED CT terminology binding assistance and terminology visualization was created and released as open source. Conclusion Finding the right terms to bind is a difficult task but the effort to achieve terminology bindings may be reduced with the help of the described approach. The methods and tools presented are general, but here only bindings between SNOMED CT and archetypes based on the openEHR reference model are presented in detail. Background The Archetype formalism and the associated Archetype Definition Language have been proposed as an ISO standard for specifying models of components of electronic healthcare records as a means of achieving interoperability between clinical systems. This paper presents an archetype editor with support for manual or semi-automatic creation of bindings between archetypes and terminology systems. Methods Lexical and semantic methods are applied in order to obtain automatic mapping suggestions. Information visualisation methods are also used to assist the user in exploration and selection of mappings. Results An integrated tool for archetype authoring, semi-automatic SNOMED CT terminology binding assistance and terminology visualization was created and released as open source. Conclusion Finding the right terms to bind is a difficult task but the effort to achieve terminology bindings may be reduced with the help of the described approach. The methods and tools presented are general, but here only bindings between SNOMED CT and archetypes based on the openEHR reference model are presented in detail.Original Publication: Erik Sundvall, Rahil Qamar, Mikael Nyström, Mattias Forss, Håkan Petersson, Hans Åhlfeldt and Alan Rector, Integration of Tools for Binding Archetypes to SNOMED CT, 2008, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, (8), S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-8-S1-S7 Licensee: BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/</p

Coulomb breakup of 17Ne from the viewpoint of nuclear astrophysics

By the Coulomb breakup of 17Ne, the time-reversed reaction 15O(2p,γ)17Ne has been studied. This reaction might play an important role in the rp process, as a break-out reaction of the hot CNO cycle. The secondary 17Ne ion beam with an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon has been dissociated in a Pb target. The reaction products have been detected with the LAND-R3B experimental setup at GSI. The preliminary differential and integral Coulomb dissociation cross section sCoul has been determined, which then will be converted into a photo-absorption cross section sphoto, and a two-proton radiative capture cross section σcap. Additionally, information about the structure of the 17Ne, a potential two-proton halo nucleus, will be received. The analysis is in progress. \ua9 Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence

Development of an archetype editor : A tool for modelling structure in electronic health records

Dagens elektroniska patientjournalsystem har begränsade möjligheter att på likartat sätt strukturera och lagra patientinformation. Det är en anledning till att det är problem med att utbyta patientjournaldata mellan olika system. Detta försvårar bland annat forskning och tillgänglighet till patientinformation. Brist på tillgänglighet minskar i sin tur möjligheten att ge en god vård oberoende av var patienten befinner sig. Inom projektet openEHR har en idé med så kallade arketyper tagits fram som ett enhetligt sätt att strukturera utbytbar patientjournaldata för att möta framtida krav på patientjournaler och patientjournalsystem. Arketyper är formella modeller av kliniska informationsentiteter, exempelvis blodtryck. De byggs upp av restriktioner, struktur och termer med eventuella bindningar till medicinska terminologisystem. Dessutom kopplas medicinsk kunskap i arketyperna fri från journalsystemen. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att utveckla ett verktyg, en så kallad arketypeditor, som kan användas för att skapa och redigera arketyper. Utöver detta skulle möjligheterna undersökas att i verktyget implementera en koppling till medicinska terminologisystem. Utvecklingen har skett i en iterativ process med fokus på användbarhet och stabilitet. Det har även ingått att ta reda på syftet med en arketypeditor. Resultatet är ett plattformsoberoende och stabilt verktyg som är utvecklat enligt användbarhetsprinciper med koppling till terminologisystemet Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). En arketypeditors syfte i ett bredare perspektiv är att lösa brister i dagens medicinska informationssystem som tas upp i denna rapport. Trots att openEHR-projektet är nytt finns det många tekniskt gångbara idéer, men det finns även problem som beror på för lite praktisk testning och tillämpning.Present-day electronic health record systems have limited possibilities to structure and store patient information in a similarly manner. This causes problems with exchanging patient record data between different systems and it gives rise to problems with, among other things, research and patient information availability. Lack of availability will in turn decrease the possibility of giving good care irrespective of where the patient is located. Within the openEHR project an idea with so called archetypes has been introduced as a uniform way to structure exchangeable patient record data in order to meet future requirements on electronic health records and systems. Archetypes are formal models of clinical information entities, for example blood pressure. They are constructed from constraints, structure and terms which may have bindings to medical terminology systems. Furthermore, medical knowledge in the archetypes is separated from the patient record systems. The purpose of the thesis has been to develop a tool, a so called archetype editor, that can be used to create and edit archetypes. In addition, the possibilities of implementing a connection to medical terminology systems should be explored. The development has followed an iterative process with focus on stability and usability. Another task has also been to find out the purpose with an archetype editor. The result is a platform-independent and stable tool, developed according to usability principles with a connection to the terminology system Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). An archetype editor’s purpose in a wider perspective is to solve shortcomings in medical information systems of today, which are brought up in this thesis. Although the openEHR project is new, there are many technically applicable ideas but also problems because of insufficient practical testing and application

Development of an archetype editor : A tool for modelling structure in electronic health records

Dagens elektroniska patientjournalsystem har begränsade möjligheter att på likartat sätt strukturera och lagra patientinformation. Det är en anledning till att det är problem med att utbyta patientjournaldata mellan olika system. Detta försvårar bland annat forskning och tillgänglighet till patientinformation. Brist på tillgänglighet minskar i sin tur möjligheten att ge en god vård oberoende av var patienten befinner sig. Inom projektet openEHR har en idé med så kallade arketyper tagits fram som ett enhetligt sätt att strukturera utbytbar patientjournaldata för att möta framtida krav på patientjournaler och patientjournalsystem. Arketyper är formella modeller av kliniska informationsentiteter, exempelvis blodtryck. De byggs upp av restriktioner, struktur och termer med eventuella bindningar till medicinska terminologisystem. Dessutom kopplas medicinsk kunskap i arketyperna fri från journalsystemen. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att utveckla ett verktyg, en så kallad arketypeditor, som kan användas för att skapa och redigera arketyper. Utöver detta skulle möjligheterna undersökas att i verktyget implementera en koppling till medicinska terminologisystem. Utvecklingen har skett i en iterativ process med fokus på användbarhet och stabilitet. Det har även ingått att ta reda på syftet med en arketypeditor. Resultatet är ett plattformsoberoende och stabilt verktyg som är utvecklat enligt användbarhetsprinciper med koppling till terminologisystemet Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). En arketypeditors syfte i ett bredare perspektiv är att lösa brister i dagens medicinska informationssystem som tas upp i denna rapport. Trots att openEHR-projektet är nytt finns det många tekniskt gångbara idéer, men det finns även problem som beror på för lite praktisk testning och tillämpning.Present-day electronic health record systems have limited possibilities to structure and store patient information in a similarly manner. This causes problems with exchanging patient record data between different systems and it gives rise to problems with, among other things, research and patient information availability. Lack of availability will in turn decrease the possibility of giving good care irrespective of where the patient is located. Within the openEHR project an idea with so called archetypes has been introduced as a uniform way to structure exchangeable patient record data in order to meet future requirements on electronic health records and systems. Archetypes are formal models of clinical information entities, for example blood pressure. They are constructed from constraints, structure and terms which may have bindings to medical terminology systems. Furthermore, medical knowledge in the archetypes is separated from the patient record systems. The purpose of the thesis has been to develop a tool, a so called archetype editor, that can be used to create and edit archetypes. In addition, the possibilities of implementing a connection to medical terminology systems should be explored. The development has followed an iterative process with focus on stability and usability. Another task has also been to find out the purpose with an archetype editor. The result is a platform-independent and stable tool, developed according to usability principles with a connection to the terminology system Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). An archetype editor’s purpose in a wider perspective is to solve shortcomings in medical information systems of today, which are brought up in this thesis. Although the openEHR project is new, there are many technically applicable ideas but also problems because of insufficient practical testing and application