Dégradation biologique des polychlorobiphényles

Le sol est une interface complexe entre tous les compartiments de l'environnement. Leur pollution participe à la diffusion de nombreux polluants. Les polychlorobiphényles sont des molécules toxiques persistantes dans l'environnement. Largement utilisés notamment dans les huiles diélectriques, ils contaminent aujourd'hui de nombreux sols industriels. Le traitement thermique de ces sols est très onéreux et peut entraîner l'émission de dioxines. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier un procédé de traitement biologique pour la dégradation des PCB dans les sols. Une dégradation biologique de PCB a été observée en présence de deux organismes cultivés, Burkholderia xenovorans et Phanerochaete chrysosporium, confirmant leur potentiel technologique en condition aérobie. En condition anaérobie, une communauté microbienne présentant la capacité de dégrader les PCB a été développé. Une étude de la diversité du gène ADNr 16S au sein de cette communauté a permis d'identifier les espèces présentes dans cette communauté. Une analyse de cycle de vie évalue les performances environnementales de deux procédés de traitement de sols contaminés par des PCB, l'un thermique, l'autre biologique. Cette analyse permet de quantifier l’avantage environnemental du procédé biologique sur son concurrent thermique. ABSTRACT : Soil is a complex interface between all compartments of the environment. Their pollution contributes to the spread of many pollutants. PCBs are persistent toxic compounds in the environment. Widely used especially in dielectric oils, they now contaminate many industrial floors. Heat treatment of these soils is very expensive and can cause the emission of dioxins. The objective of this work is to study a biological treatment process for the degradation of PCBs in soils. Biological degradation of PCBs has been observed in the presence of two cultured organisms, Burkholderia xenovorans and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, confirming their technological potential under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, a microbial community with the ability to degrade PCBs was developed. A study of the diversity of 16S rDNA gene within this community has identified the species in this community. An analysis of life cycle assess the environmental performance of two methods for treating soils contaminated with PCBs, one thermal and one biological. This analysis quantifies the environmental benefit of the biological process compared with the heat treatmen

Microbial population changes during bioremediation of nitroaromatic - and nitramine-contaminated lagoon

Nitration reactions of aromatic compounds are commonly involved in military industrial processes. Military industries treated their process effluents using lagoon systems for many years. In this study, the sediment of a lagoon was investigated from a bioremediation objective. The physico-chemical characterization of the sediments showed the organic nature of the sediment (25.4% carbon with a C:N ¼ 3) highly concentrated in RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) as well as two herbicides Dinoterb (2-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed the presence of three dominant families, Geobacteriacea, Clostridiaceae and Pseudomonaceae. A bioremediation assay was carried out in anaerobic conditions in order to degrade organic compounds. In these conditions, 100% of Dinoterb and Dinoseb were degraded after 75 days of culture, while RDX and HMX were not consumed. The 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis of this incubation showed a drastic reduction of the final biodiversity composed by clones related to Enterobacteriaceae (especially Leclercia adecarboxylata) and Pseudomonaceae family. It was then suggested that Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae were potentially involved in biodegradation of these two herbicides. To confirm this hypothesis, cultures were carried out with isolated species of Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas citronellolis and L. adecarboxylata in the presence of Dinoterb. The data confirmed that in the presence of glucose, these microorganisms are able to consume Dinoterb

Polychlorinated biphenyls fractioning assessment in aqueous bioremediation assy with phanerochaete chrysosporium

Thanks to growing environmental concerns in public opinion, bioremediation processes are more and more used to decontaminate soils from organic compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to be world wide spread persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is able to degrade PCBs in water, and soil As POPs, PCBs can also be adsorbed onto organic matter, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelium. This study aims at estimating the fractioning of truly degraded PCBs, adsorbed PCBs and residual PCBs in an aqueous bioremediation assay with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Di-, tri- tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-chlorinated biphenyls (IUPAC numbers: PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, PCB180) are extracted from 500 mL aqueous bioremediation assays using a liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. Analyses are performed on a high resolution gas chromatography coupled with a low resolution mass spectrometry. The study reveals that the adsorbed PCBs fraction ranges from 42% to 54%, whereas the degraded one ranges from 39% to 49%. No PCBs were detected in the residual water (limit of detection: 13 ng.L-1)

Traitement par Lemna minor d’un effluent agro-industriel riche en ions Mg2+ et Ca2+ et contaminé par la vinchlozoline

Traitement par Lemna minor d’un effluent agro-industriel riche en ions Mg2+ et Ca2+ et contaminé par la vinchlozolin

Life cycle assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyl contaminated soil remediation processes

Goal and scope. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the remediation of industrial soils contaminated by polychlorobiphenyl (PCB). Two new bioremediation treatment options were compared with the usual incineration process. In this attributional LCA, only secondary impacts were considered. The contaminated soil used for the experiments contained 200 mg of PCB per kg. Methods. Three off-site treatments scenarios were studied: 1) bioremediation with mechanical aeration, 2) bioremediation with electric aeration and 3) incineration with natural gas. Bioremediation processes were designed from lab-scale, scale-up and pilot experiments. The incineration technique was inspired by a French plant. A semi-quantitative uncertainty analysis was performed on the data. Environmental impacts were evaluated with the CML 2001 method using the Simapro software program. Results and discussion. In most compared categories, the bioremediation processes are favorable. Of the bioremediation options, the lowest environmental footprint was observed for electric aeration. The uncertainty analysis supported the results that compared incineration and bioremediation but decreased the difference between the options of aeration. The distance of transportation was one of the most sensitive parameters, especially for bioremediation. At equal distances between the polluted sites and the treatment plant, bioremediation had fewer impacts than incineration in eight out of thirteen categories. Conclusions. The use of natural gas for the incineration process generated the most impacts. Irrespective of the aeration option, bioremediation was better than incineration. Recommendations. The time of treatment should be taken into account. More precise and detailed data are required for the incineration scenario. More parameters of biological treatments should be measured. LCA results should be completed using ecological and health risk assessment and an acceptability evaluation

Biodegradation of polychlorobiphenyls

Le sol est une interface complexe entre tous les compartiments de l'environnement. Leur pollution participe à la diffusion de nombreux polluants. Les polychlorobiphényles sont des molécules toxiques persistantes dans l'environnement. Largement utilisés notamment dans les huiles diélectriques, ils contaminent aujourd'hui de nombreux sols industriels. Le traitement thermique de ces sols est très onéreux et peut entraîner l'émission de dioxines. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier un procédé de traitement biologique pour la dégradation des PCB dans les sols. Une dégradation biologique de PCB a été observée en présence de deux organismes cultivés, Burkholderia xenovorans et Phanerochaete chrysosporium, confirmant leur potentiel technologique en condition aérobie. En condition anaérobie, une communauté microbienne présentant la capacité de dégrader les PCB a été développé. Une étude de la diversité du gène ADNr 16S au sein de cette communauté a permis d'identifier les espèces présentes dans cette communauté. Une analyse de cycle de vie évalue les performances environnementales de deux procédés de traitement de sols contaminés par des PCB, l'un thermique, l'autre biologique. Cette analyse permet de quantifier l’avantage environnemental du procédé biologique sur son concurrent thermique.Soil is a complex interface between all compartments of the environment. Their pollution contributes to the spread of many pollutants. PCBs are persistent toxic compounds in the environment. Widely used especially in dielectric oils, they now contaminate many industrial floors. Heat treatment of these soils is very expensive and can cause the emission of dioxins. The objective of this work is to study a biological treatment process for the degradation of PCBs in soils. Biological degradation of PCBs has been observed in the presence of two cultured organisms, Burkholderia xenovorans and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, confirming their technological potential under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, a microbial community with the ability to degrade PCBs was developed. A study of the diversity of 16S rDNA gene within this community has identified the species in this community. An analysis of life cycle assess the environmental performance of two methods for treating soils contaminated with PCBs, one thermal and one biological. This analysis quantifies the environmental benefit of the biological process compared with the heat treatmen

Suivi multiparamétrique de la première désorption thermique de PCB

Thermal desorption was pointed out, by several test phase, to be the only way to discard a PCBs contamination in 5000 t of soils. Many parameters were optimized to allow the whole mass of soil to be heated over 250°C, collecting in the same time all the nocuous vapors to ensure environmental safety of the works. Correct handling of all the parameters allowed driving a decay of more than 97 % in the whole mass of soil.La désorption thermique a été désignée, après différents essais, comme la seule solution technique pour l’élimination de PCB dans 5000 t de terres. De nombreux paramètres ont dû être optimisés afin de porter cette masse à plus de 250°C, tout en collectant les vapeurs nocives pour assurer la sécurité environnementale de l’opération. La maîtrise de tous les paramètres a permis de mener à bien un abattement de plus de 97 % sur l’ensemble de la masse

Dégradation biologique des polychlorobiphényles

Le sol est une interface complexe entre tous les compartiments de l'environnement. Leur pollution participe à la diffusion de nombreux polluants. Les polychlorobiphényles sont des molécules toxiques persistantes dans l'environnement. Largement utilisés notamment dans les huiles diélectriques, ils contaminent aujourd'hui de nombreux sols industriels. Le traitement thermique de ces sols est très onéreux et peut entraîner l'émission de dioxines. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier un procédé de traitement biologique pour la dégradation des PCB dans les sols. Une dégradation biologique de PCB a été observée en présence de deux organismes cultivés, Burkholderia xenovorans et Phanerochaete chrysosporium, confirmant leur potentiel technologique en condition aérobie. En condition anaérobie, une communauté microbienne présentant la capacité de dégrader les PCB a été développé. Une étude de la diversité du gène ADNr 16S au sein de cette communauté a permis d'identifier les espèces présentes dans cette communauté. Une analyse de cycle de vie évalue les performances environnementales de deux procédés de traitement de sols contaminés par des PCB, l'un thermique, l'autre biologique. Cette analyse permet de quantifier l avantage environnemental du procédé biologique sur son concurrent thermique.Soil is a complex interface between all compartments of the environment. Their pollution contributes to the spread of many pollutants. PCBs are persistent toxic compounds in the environment. Widely used especially in dielectric oils, they now contaminate many industrial floors. Heat treatment of these soils is very expensive and can cause the emission of dioxins. The objective of this work is to study a biological treatment process for the degradation of PCBs in soils. Biological degradation of PCBs has been observed in the presence of two cultured organisms, Burkholderia xenovorans and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, confirming their technological potential under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, a microbial community with the ability to degrade PCBs was developed. A study of the diversity of 16S rDNA gene within this community has identified the species in this community. An analysis of life cycle assess the environmental performance of two methods for treating soils contaminated with PCBs, one thermal and one biological. This analysis quantifies the environmental benefit of the biological process compared with the heat treatmentTOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

Polychlorinated biphenyls fractioning assessment in aqueous bioremediation assay with Phanerochaete chrysosporidium

National audienc

Anaerobic process for Aroclor 1254 degradation in aqueous bioremediation assay

International audienc