Scoping review of lacrosse: match demands, physical performance and injury surveillance

Background Lacrosse has seen an uptake in participation in the last two decades. Moreover, with small-sided variants (box lacrosse [BL] and sixes lacrosse [SL]), with the latter being considered by the international Olympic committee. However, for athletes to perform at the highest level across the variations of lacrosse (field lacrosse [FL], BL and SL), sports coaches, practitioners and national governing bodies need to understand the demands, physical performance characteristics and injury incidence. Objective The objective of this scoping review is to explore the current state of the literature around lacrosse in key areas (match and training demands, physical performance and injury incidence). We additionally aimed to identify knowledge gaps in the literature. Methods The latest methodological guidance Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews for scoping reviews was followed. A systematic literature search was conducted in several electronic databases (ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS and institutional library), using relevant key terms. The present study is largely descriptive and quantifies proportions (%) of studies. Results Of the 4223 studies identified using the systematic search strategy, 120 studies were included within the final synthesis. 14 studies identified match or training demands across competitive levels and variations. 30 studies identified physical performance: 28 studies on FL athletes and two studies on BL. 75 studies identified injury incidence from lacrosse, all studies observed FL. Conclusions According to the results of this scoping review, there are large gaps within the literature that should be addressed. As international SL will be included in Olympic events this should be a focus of future research, attempting to identify match and training demands, physical performance characteristics and injury incidence. Moreover, as SL players are likely to be also participating in FL and BL, it could rapidly increase the demands placed upon players, both physically and psychologically.</p

Injuries in International Men’s Sixes Lacrosse: Injury Surveillance of the British Lacrosse Men’s National Team During a 9-Month Training Cycle Leading up to and Including The World Games 2022

OBJECTIVE: To describe the injury epidemiology of a men’s national Sixes lacrosse team across training and competition. DESIGN: Prospective observation study. METHODS: This study prospectively observed injuries that occurred within a training and competition cycle of the British Men’s National Lacrosse team. Data were collected by the team physiotherapist, injury incidence was calculated, and data categorized into injury type, body part, and mechanism. RESULTS: Forty-three injuries occurred during Sixes competition. Injury incidence varied between practice and tournaments. Twelve percent of all injuries were time loss. Two thirds of the time, players continued playing following intervention. One in every 5 injuries was treated with self-management strategies. Injuries most frequently occurred in competitive matches (65%). Most injuries were sustained through a contact mechanism (49%) or an overload mechanism (37%). The most frequent injuries were contusions (26%) and muscle injuries (26%). The lower limb was the most frequently injured area (63%), with the lower leg predominantly being the most affected part of the lower limb (63%). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiology study of Sixes lacrosse injuries. Further research is required to better understand the epidemiology and risk factors for injuries in Sixes lacrosse. JOSPT Open 2023;1(1):63-69. Epub 19 June 2023. doi:10.2519/josptopen.2023.0008</p

Discovery of Imidazo[1,2‑<i>a</i>]pyridine Ethers and Squaramides as Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Synthesis

The approval of bedaquiline to treat tuberculosis has validated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase as an attractive target to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Herein, we report the discovery of two diverse lead series imidazo­[1,2-<i>a</i>]­pyridine ethers (IPE) and squaramides (SQA) as inhibitors of mycobacterial ATP synthesis. Through medicinal chemistry exploration, we established a robust structure–activity relationship of these two scaffolds, resulting in nanomolar potencies in an ATP synthesis inhibition assay. A biochemical deconvolution cascade suggested cytochrome c oxidase as the potential target of IPE class of molecules, whereas characterization of spontaneous resistant mutants of SQAs unambiguously identified ATP synthase as its molecular target. Absence of cross resistance against bedaquiline resistant mutants suggested a different binding site for SQAs on ATP synthase. Furthermore, SQAs were found to be noncytotoxic and demonstrated efficacy in a mouse model of tuberculosis infection

Discovery of Imidazo[1,2‑<i>a</i>]pyridine Ethers and Squaramides as Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Synthesis

The approval of bedaquiline to treat tuberculosis has validated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase as an attractive target to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Herein, we report the discovery of two diverse lead series imidazo­[1,2-<i>a</i>]­pyridine ethers (IPE) and squaramides (SQA) as inhibitors of mycobacterial ATP synthesis. Through medicinal chemistry exploration, we established a robust structure–activity relationship of these two scaffolds, resulting in nanomolar potencies in an ATP synthesis inhibition assay. A biochemical deconvolution cascade suggested cytochrome c oxidase as the potential target of IPE class of molecules, whereas characterization of spontaneous resistant mutants of SQAs unambiguously identified ATP synthase as its molecular target. Absence of cross resistance against bedaquiline resistant mutants suggested a different binding site for SQAs on ATP synthase. Furthermore, SQAs were found to be noncytotoxic and demonstrated efficacy in a mouse model of tuberculosis infection