Gender Discriminatory Taxes, Fairness Perception, and Labor Supply

In this paper, we examine the gender specific impact of discriminatory taxation on fairness perception and individual labor supply decisions. Using the controlled environment of an experimental laboratory, we manipulate both distributional as well as procedural justice of taxation between subjects. We violate distributional fairness through the random application of tax rates, while procedural justice is broken by levying discriminatory tax rates based on taxpayer gender. For both inequality in outcome as well as discrimination, we find strong differences in reactions between male and female participants. Male participants perceived gender discriminatory taxation as unfair in and of itself. Female participants perceived random taxation as well as gender discriminatory taxation to be unfair, as long as they ended up with the higher tax rate. The perceived fairness strongly drove (did not affect) male (female) participants’ labor supply. Taken both subgroups together, while mere outcome inequality did not influence labor supply decisions significantly, we find evidence of a negative effect of gender-based discrimination on labor supply

Apocalypse in the synoptic gospels, Revelation and the Gospel of John

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1940There is one main purpose in this study. This purpose is the consideration of apocalypse in the New Testament which will demonstrate the contrast between the Fourth Gospel and the earlier traditions--the Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Revelation. These documents were written over a period of about thirty to thirty-five years, and they represent the thinking of the Christian community in the latter half of the first century

Tapping the power of employee perceptions

Organizations more and more attempt to utilize employee survey data for evidence-based management (EbM) and organizational change. However, employee survey models are often underdeveloped in structure and seldom systematically validated, what limits their value for these purposes. The aim of the presented thesis was to address this gap with three studies developing, validating and applying the first published integrative science-based employee survey process model. Based on a review of scientific employee survey models, in the first study, seven potential process models are proposed. These models are comparatively tested by applying structural-equation-modelling to a meta-analytical synthesis of N = 123 meta-analyses from psychology, management science and business research. We find evidence for a mediation model with two general dimensions of employees’ perceived work environment affecting their job attitudes and organizational outcomes. In the second study, this model is validated in three large-scale empirical field studies. The studies support causality of the models’ structural assumptions as well as its generalizability to an analysis on work unit level. With the third study, a case example of working with survey data generated with the newly developed model to acquire evidence for EbM in practice is presented. Overall, the research contributes to the employee survey literature by developing a first all-around scientifically sound employee survey model with validated causal model structure and offering first evidence for the relevance of multi-level modeling in employee survey models. Further, it contributes theoretically to the understanding of people outcomes and organizational adaptability emergence from employees’ work environment perceptions. In sum, this thesis provides a survey model with which organizations can apply survey data for EbM to improve organizational development and managerial decision-making.Angesichts sich konstant verändernder politischer und wirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen versuchen immer mehr Unternehmen, Daten aus Mitarbeiter-befragungen als Ausgangspunkt für gezielte Organisationsentwicklung und für Evidenz-basiertes Management (EbM) zu nutzen. Existierende Messmodelle für Mitarbeiter-befragungen sind jedoch in ihren strukturellen Annahmen oft unterentwickelt und kaum systematisch validiert, was ihren Nutzen für diese Zwecke einschränkt. Ziel der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit ist es deshalb, diese Lücke zu schließen und über drei Studien das erste integrative wissenschaftliche Strukturmodell für Mitarbeiterbefragungen zu entwickeln, zu validieren und in der Praxis beispielhaft für EbM anzuwenden. Ausgehend von einem Review aktuell wissenschaftlich publizierter Messmodelle für Mitarbeiterbefragungen werden, in Studie 1, sieben potenzielle Strukturmodelle deduziert. Auf der Basis einer meta-meta-analytischen Synthese von 123 Meta-Analysen aus den Bereichen Psychologie, Management Science und Business Research werden diese sieben Modelle deduzierten mittels meta-meta-analytischen Strukturgleichungs-modellen vergleichend getestet. Die Ergebnisse stützen ein Mediationsmodell, das zwei zentrale Dimensionen der wahrgenommenen Arbeitsumgebung beschreibt, die die Arbeitseinstellungen von Mitarbeitern und organisationale Leistungsindikatoren beeinflussen. Dieses sogenannte Transformation-Transaction Model wird in Studie 2 in drei großen Feldstudien empirisch validiert. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Kausalität der strukturellen Annahmen des Modells sowie dessen Generalisierbarkeit für Auswertungen und Analysen auf Abteilungsebene. Zuletzt präsentiert Studie 3 als Anwendungsbeispiel, wie aus Mitarbeiterbefragungsdaten, die auf Basis des neu entwickelten Modells erhoben wurden, in der Praxis Evidenz für EbM generiert werden kann. Zusammengefasst leistet die vorliegende Doktorarbeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Mitarbeiterbefragungsliteratur, indem sie ein erstes wissenschaftlich fundiertes Mitarbeiterbefragungsmodell mit validierter kausaler Modellstruktur entwickelt und darüber hinaus erste Hinweise für die Relevanz von Multilevel-Modellierung in Mitarbeiterbefragungsmodellen liefert. Theoretisch trägt die Arbeit ferner zu einem vertieften Verständnis davon bei, wie die Wahrnehmungen der Arbeitsumgebung von Mitarbeitern deren Arbeitseinstellungen und die Anpassungsfähigkeit der Organisation beeinflussen können. Insgesamt, wird mit dem Transformation-Transaction Model ein Mitarbeiterbefragungsmodell präsentiert, über das Organisationen Befragungsdaten zielgerichtet für EbM verwenden können, um ihre Organisationsentwicklung zu fördern und Management-Entscheidungen zu verbessern

Decolonial Multiculturalism and Local-global Contexts: A Postcritical Feminist Bricolage for Developing New Praxes in Education

This dissertation presents a conceptual bricolage that explores complex, reflexive, and interrelated dimensions of educational praxes. My work is grounded in the assertion that the ever-changing, local-global nature of contemporary societies requires new approaches to curricula, pedagogies, policies, and practices in U.S. schools to meet the challenges and opportunities of a global era. Presenting my research and findings as four articles, I begin with a dialectical analysis of theoretical and pedagogical literatures to develop an adaptable framework for decolonial multicultural education. In Article 1, I demonstrate how this framework synergizes aspects of social reconstructionist and critical multicultural, global, and decolonial educations, while re-emphasizing possibilities for relational learning in local-global classrooms. In Article 2, I examine a unique local-global context: the matriculation of resettled refugee children into host country schools. This project integrates the decolonial multicultural framework with literatures on ecological interventions for refugee students to address grief, trauma, loss, poverty, acculturation, and host culture hostilities. The theoretical frameworks are infused with considerations concerning children’s lived experiences as complex beings rooted in multiple, fluid, and intersecting contexts. In Article 3, I present a pilot case study on students with refugee status who attended a public school in the South. I discuss qualitative data from participant observations and staff interviews. Using the framework I developed in Article 2 for ecological, decolonial multiculturalism, this study discusses the emergent themes of teacher training, ecological interventions, deficit and assimilationist approaches, and hostile school peer relations. Finally, in Article 4 I argue for a shift in the teacher professional role to include systemic support for ongoing teacher research as a way to address the complexity, multiplicity, and reflexivity of local-global classrooms. I propose postcritical ethnography and feminist praxis-based methodologies as tools to help teacher-researchers learn about and respond to their students. My dissertation thus entails four articles interconnected by the theme of decolonial multicultural education, and enriches framework considerations by exploring the local-global contexts of students with refugee status, specific refugee students in a U.S. school, and potential uses of postcritical and feminist qualitative methodologies for decolonial multicultural teacher-researchers

The relationship between insulin binding, insulin activation of insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase, and insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes

We have studied the relationship between insulin activation of insulin-receptor kinase and insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes. Glucose uptake was half-maximally or maximally stimulated, respectively, when only 4% or 14% of the maximal kinase activity had been reached. To investigate this relationship also under conditions where the insulin effect on activation of receptor kinase was decreased, the adipocytes were exposed to 10 microM-isoprenaline alone or with 5 micrograms of adenosine deaminase/ml. An approx. 30% (isoprenaline) or approx. 50% (isoprenaline + adenosine deaminase) decrease in the insulin effect on receptor kinase activity was found at insulin concentrations between 0.4 and 20 ng/ml, and this could not be explained by decreased insulin binding. The decreased insulin-effect on kinase activity was closely correlated with a loss of insulin-sensitivity of glucose uptake. Moreover, our data indicate that the relation between receptor kinase activity and glucose uptake (expressed as percentage of maximal uptake) remained unchanged. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) If activation of receptor kinase stimulates glucose uptake, only 14% of the maximal kinase activity is sufficient for maximal stimulation. (2) Isoprenaline decreases the coupling efficiency between insulin binding and receptor-kinase activation, this being accompanied by a corresponding decrease in sensitivity of glucose uptake. (3) Our data indicate that the signalling for glucose uptake is closely related to receptor-kinase activity, even when the coupling efficiency between insulin binding and kinase activation is altered. They thus support the hypothesis that receptor-kinase activity reflects the signal which originates from the receptor and which is transduced to the glucose-transport system

CSR-Handbuch : ein Ratgeber

Aus dem Projekt "Förderung angehender weiblicher Führungskräfte in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen als CSR-Maßnahme"; ein Projekt der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg im Rahmen des Programms "CSR-Gesellschaftliche Verantwortung im Mittelstand" gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales und durch den Europäischen Sozialfonds

The Solidarity Economy: A Way Forward for Our De-Futured World

As society contends with the ongoing economic, environmental and political crises perpetuated by racist patriarchal ecologically-destructive capitalism, there is a need to look beyond forms of inequality to the opportunity of solidarity. While histories of mutuality and reciprocity have long been present in economies around the world, it is in the last thirty years that global movements have begun to coalesce under the framework of the solidarity economy. This framework asserts a path forward towards a just and sustainable post-capitalist future, based in cooperation and care.. We begin by exploring how the solidarity economy framework and movement have been making already-existing alternatives to capitalism visible. Then we consider the values, practices and institutions that have come to define the solidarity economy, and the vital role social movements have played in creating a politics and culture of solidarity. We then look at how the solidarity economy movement is growing and solidifying the solidarity economy through education, incubation, and establishing networks at multiple scales. The article concludes with a consideration of present challenges, including capitalist competition, dealing with competing frameworks, inclusion/exclusion, and overcoming conflict