Ultrasound-guided antecubital vein approach for right heart catheterisation in a Brazilian tertiary centre

Objective As a parallel to the radial approach for left heart catheterisation, forearm veins may be considered for the performance of right heart catheterisation. However, data regarding the application of this technique under ultrasound guidance are scarce. The current study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of right heart catheterisation through ultrasound-guided antecubital venous approach in the highly heterogeneous population usually referred for right heart catheterisation. Methods Data from consecutive right heart catheterisations performed at an academic centre in Brazil, between January 2016 and March 2017 were prospectively collected. Results Among 152 performed right heart catheterisations, ultrasound-guided antecubital venous approach was attempted in 127 (84%) cases and it was made feasible in 92.1% of those. Yet, there was no immediate vascular complication with the antecubital venous approach in this prospective series. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided antecubital venous approach for the performance of right heart catheterisation was feasible in the vast majority of cases in our study, without occurrence of vascular complications

Evolução temporal da terapia farmacológica baseada em evidência em pacientes com cardiopatia isquêmica e seu impacto sobre fatores de risco

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EFICÁCIA DA MOXIDECTINA EM OVINOS (CONCÓRDIA SC) EFFECTIVENESS OF MOXIDECTIN IN SHEEP (CONCÓRDIA SC)

A verminose é o principal fator limitante na produção de ovinos, seu controle tornou se cada vez mais difícil, devido a resistência dos helmintos gastrintestinais a alguns ingredientes ativos. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a eficiência da Moxidectina nocontrole das helmintoses em ovinos de uma propriedade rural de Concórdia SC. Realizou se o cálculo de teste de redução de contag em de ovos nas fezes (TRCOF) nos animais com alta carga parasitária (>900 OPG de ovos de Estrongilídeos) e pode se concluir que aMoxidectina apresentou baixa eficácia no rebanho avaliado

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field