Transcriptomic analysis reveals the gene regulatory networks involved in leaf and root response to osmotic stress in tomato

IntroductionTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major horticultural crop that is cultivated worldwide and is characteristic of the Mediterranean agricultural system. It represents a key component of the diet of billion people and an important source of vitamins and carotenoids. Tomato cultivation in open field often experiences drought episodes, leading to severe yield losses, since most modern cultivars are sensitive to water deficit. Water stress leads to changes in the expression of stress-responsive genes in different plant tissues, and transcriptomics can support the identification of genes and pathways regulating this response. MethodsHere, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of two tomato genotypes, M82 and Tondo, in response to a PEG-mediated osmotic treatment. The analysis was conducted separately on leaves and roots to characterize the specific response of these two organs. ResultsA total of 6,267 differentially expressed transcripts related to stress response was detected. The construction of gene co-expression networks defined the molecular pathways of the common and specific responses of leaf and root. The common response was characterized by ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways, and by the interconnection between ABA and JA signaling. The root-specific response concerned genes involved in cell wall metabolism and remodeling, whereas the leaf-specific response was principally related to leaf senescence and ethylene signaling. The transcription factors representing the hubs of these regulatory networks were identified. Some of them have not yet been characterized and can represent novel candidates for tolerance. DiscussionThis work shed new light on the regulatory networks occurring in tomato leaf and root under osmotic stress and set the base for an in-depth characterization of novel stress-related genes that may represent potential candidates for improving tolerance to abiotic stress in tomato

Los equipamientos sociales en la periferia de Córdoba. Análisis arquitectónico - constructivo. Criterios para su diseño.

Ponencia presentada en el XXXVI Encuentro y XIX Congreso ARQUISUR. Ciudades Vulnerables. Proyecto e Incertidumbre. La Plata, Buenos Aires. 2015Esta investigación comprende el estudio de los equipamientos sociales; en sus aspectos de diseño arquitectónico-constructivo, localizados en áreas periféricas ?en contextos ambientalmente degradados- que dan respuesta a necesidades sociales tales como: alimentación, salud, educación, recreación. Ésta se desarrolla como parte del proyecto aprobado por la Secretaria de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Resolución No 203/2014- Equipamientos sociales en áreas ambientalmente degradadas. Criterios para su diseño y planificación. Estudio de casos en Córdoba. En esta presentación se profundizan aspectos de arquitectura y construcciones.Fil: Martínez, Mónica Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Guzzetti, Celia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Dalvit, Emilse Vanina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Duboue, Víctor. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Copertari, F. Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Angueira Prieto, Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Moreyra, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, María Luján. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Baigorria, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Mattana, María Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Damiani, Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Dosio, W. Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Maidana, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Maglione, E. David. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaFil: Fraticelli, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigación en Vivienda y Hábitat; ArgentinaDiseño Arquitectónic

The Signal Processing Firmware for the Low Frequency Aperture Array

The signal processing firmware that has been developed for the Low Frequency Aperture Array component of the Square Kilometre Array is described. The firmware is implemented on a dual FPGA board, that is capable of processing the streams from 16 dual polarization antennas. Data processing includes channelization of the sampled data for each antenna, correction for instrumental response and for geometric delays and formation of one or more beams by combining the aligned streams. The channelizer uses an oversampling polyphase filterbank architecture, allowing a frequency continuous processing of the input signal without discontinuities between spectral channels. Each board processes the streams from 16 antennas, as part of larger beamforming system, linked by standard Ethernet interconnections. There are envisaged to be 8192 of these signal processing platforms in the first phase of the Square Kilometre array so particular attention has been devoted to ensure the design is low cost and low power

The Digital Signal Processing Platform for the Low Frequency Aperture Array: Preliminary Results on the Data Acquisition Unit

A signal processing hardware platform has been developed for the Low Frequency Aperture Array component of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). The processing board, called an Analog Digital Unit (ADU), is able to acquire and digitize broadband (up to 500MHz bandwidth) radio-frequency streams from 16 dual polarized antennas, channel the data streams and then combine them flexibly as part of a larger beamforming system. It is envisaged that there will be more than 8000 of these signal processing platforms in the first phase of the SKA, so particular attention has been devoted to ensure the design is low-cost and low-power. This paper describes the main features of the data acquisition unit of such a platform and presents preliminary results characterizing its performance

Development of a New Digital Signal Processing Platform for the Square Kilometre Array

A novel digital hardware platform has been designed for the Low Frequency Aperture Array (LFAA) component of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). This board, called Analog Digital Unit (ADU), is a 6U board containing sixteen dual-inputs Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) and two Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices, capable of digitizing and processing 32 RF input signals. We present the main features of the board and the signal processing firmware that has been developed for LFAA. Although the ADU has been conceived mainly for the low frequency band (50-350 MHz), its use has been proved effective also for higher frequencies (375-650 MHz). In this paper we describe also the application of ADU as the digital acquisition and processing system for PHAROS2, a cryogenically cooled 4-8 GHz Phased Array Feed (PAF) demonstrator. The final part is focused on the future developments of the board

The low frequency receivers for SKA 1-low: Design and verification

The initial phase of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) [1] is represented by a ~10% instrument and construction should start in 2018. SKA 1-Low, a sparse Aperture Array (AA) covering the frequency range 50 to 350 MHz, will be part of this. This instrument will consist of 512 stations, each hosting 256 antennas creating a total of 131,072 antennas. A first verification system towards SKA 1-Low, Aperture Array Verification System 1 (AAVSl), is being deployed and validated in 2017

Early Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Steps in Cannabis sativa: Link between Genes and Metabolites

4-Coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) catalyze the first three steps of the general phenylpropanoid pathway whereas chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzes the first specific step towards flavonoids production. This class of specialized metabolites has a wide range of biological functions in plant development and defence and a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities for human health. In this study, we report the isolation of hemp PAL and 4CL cDNA and genomic clones. Through in silico analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences, more than an 80 % identity with homologues genes of other plants was shown and phylogenetic relationships were highlighted. Quantitative expression analysis of the four above mentioned genes, PAL and 4CL enzymatic activities, lignin content and NMR metabolite fingerprinting in different Cannabis sativa tissues were evaluated. Furthermore, the use of different substrates to assay PAL and 4CL enzymatic activities indicated that different isoforms were active in different tissues. The diversity in secondary metabolites content observed in leaves (mainly flavonoids) and roots (mainly lignin) was discussed in relation to gene expression and enzymatic activities data

Methotrexate and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Evidence Regarding Subcutaneous Versus Oral Routes of Administration

Methotrexate (MTX) is still considered the drug of choice in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. Comparing subcutaneous (MTX SC) and oral (MTX OR) routes of administration is important to optimize the everyday therapeutic strategy in the real-life setting. This review summarizes scientific evidence currently available on this topic. As shown by pharmacokinetic studies, at the same dose level, bioavailability of MTX SC is significantly higher and less variable than that of MTX OR. This difference is even more pronounced for medium-to-high dosages (i.e., >15 mg/week). With regard to clinical response (Disease Activity Score-28, American College of Rheumatology Criteria), randomized, double-blind studies and retrospective or longitudinal analyses in real-life settings showed that MTX SC is more effective than MTX OR. This is true both in MTX-naive patients with early RA, and in patients who switch from MTX OR to MTX SC due to previous treatment failure, lack of efficacy and/or adverse events. Finally, MTX SC has a better tolerability profile than MTX OR, with fewer gastroenterological side effects. Delaying the use of more expensive biological therapies by switching from MTX OR to MTX SC in non-responders might provide cost savings, with relevant implications in the management of patients with RA. Funding: Alfa Wassermann