ピエ ノワール ノ レキシテキ ケイセイ

本稿では、フランスの植民地であったアルジェリア（あるいはマグレブ一帯）への入植者たちが本国への引揚後、「ピエ・ノワール」という名のもとに集団的なアイデンティティを形成してゆく過程が考察されている。この考察は、脱植民地化の歴史的過程およびその現代社会への影響について、フランスと日本との間で比較研究を進めていくための一つの参照点となるものである

ピエ ノワール ノ レキシテキ ケイセイ

本稿では、フランスの植民地であったアルジェリア（あるいはマグレブ一帯）への入植者たちが本国への引揚後、「ピエ・ノワール」という名のもと に集団的なアイデンティティを形成してゆく過程が考察されている。この考察は、脱植民地化の歴史的過程およびその現代社会への影響について、フ ランスと日本との間で比較研究を進めていくための一つの参照点となるものである

Successful Endoscopic Dilation Treatment of Small Intestinal Stricture Occurring during Chemotherapy for Malignant Lymphoma

We report a stricture occurring during chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma that was successfully treated by endoscopic balloon dilation. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV malignant lymphoma by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and computed tomography scans. She complained of nausea and vomiting after undergoing the second cycle of chemotherapy. A small intestinal series through an ileus tube showed severe stricture of the ileum. Endoscopic balloon dilation was successfully performed with single-balloon endoscopy. After the procedure, her symptoms subsided and did not recur even 8 months after endoscopic dilation therapy

電磁回転式レオロジー計測法の開発と複雑流体計測への応用

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 酒井 啓司, 東京大学教授 田中 肇, 東京大学教授 伊藤 耕三, 東京大学准教授 富重 道雄, 九州大学教授 藤野 茂University of Tokyo(東京大学

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment, Glycometabolism, and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

PURPOSE: In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the loss of cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are implicated in higher brain functions has been reported. However, it is unclear if nAChR deficits occur in association with cognitive impairments. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between nAChR deficits and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS2 mice). PROCEDURES: The cognitive abilities of APP/PS2 and wild-type mice (aged 2-16 months) were evaluated using the novel object recognition test. Double-tracer autoradiography analyses with 5-[125I]iodo-A-85380 ([125I]5IA: α4β2 nAChR imaging probe) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose were performed in both mice of different ages. [123I]5IA-single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) imaging was also performed in both mice at 12 months of age. Furthermore, each age cohort was investigated for changes in cognitive ability and expression levels of α7 nAChRs and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the APP/PS2 and wild-type mice at 2-6 months of age in terms of novel object recognition memory; subsequently, however, APP/PS2 mice showed a clear cognitive deficit at 12 months of age. [125I]5IA accumulation decreased in the brains of 12-month-old APP/PS2 mice, i.e., at the age at which cognitive impairments were first observed; this result was supported by a reduction in the protein levels of α4 nAChRs using Western blotting. nAChR deficits could be noninvasively detected by [123I]5IA-SPECT in vivo. In contrast, no significant changes in glycometabolism, expression levels of α7 nAChRs, or NMDARs were associated with cognitive impairments in APP/PS2 mice. CONCLUSION: A decrease in cerebral α4β2 nAChR density could act as a biomarker reflecting cognitive impairments associated with AD pathology

A new perspective on phylogeny and evolution of tetraodontiform fishes (Pisces: Acanthopterygii) based on whole mitochondrial genome sequences: Basal ecological diversification?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The order Tetraodontiformes consists of approximately 429 species of fishes in nine families. Members of the order exhibit striking morphological diversity and radiated into various habitats such as freshwater, brackish and coastal waters, open seas, and deep waters along continental shelves and slopes. Despite extensive studies based on both morphology and molecules, there has been no clear resolution except for monophyly of each family and sister-group relationships of Diodontidae + Tetraodontidae and Balistidae + Monacanthidae. To address phylogenetic questions of tetraodontiform fishes, we used whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences from 27 selected species (data for 11 species were newly determined during this study) that fully represent all families and subfamilies of Tetraodontiformes (except for Hollardinae of the Triacanthodidae). Partitioned maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses were performed on two data sets comprising concatenated nucleotide sequences from 13 protein-coding genes (all positions included; third codon positions converted into purine [R] and pyrimidine [Y]), 22 transfer RNA and two ribosomal RNA genes (total positions = 15,084).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The resultant tree topologies from the two data sets were congruent, with many internal branches showing high support values. The mitogenomic data strongly supported monophyly of all families and subfamilies (except the Tetraodontinae) and sister-group relationships of Balistidae + Monacanthidae and Tetraodontidae + Diodontidae, confirming the results of previous studies. However, we also found two unexpected basal splits into Tetraodontoidei (Triacanthidae + Balistidae + Monacanthidae + Tetraodontidae + Diodontidae + Molidae) and Triacanthodoidei (Ostraciidae + Triodontidae + Triacanthodidae).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This basal split into the two clades has never been reported and challenges previously proposed hypotheses based on both morphology and nuclear gene sequences. It is likely that the basal split had involved ecological diversification, because most members of Tetraodontoidei exclusively occur in shallow waters (freshwater, brackish and coastal waters, and open seas), while those of Triacanthodoidei occur mainly in relatively deep waters along continental shelves and slopes except for more derived ostraciids. This suggests that the basal split between the two clades led to subsequent radiation into the two different habitats.</p

Verification of the versatility of the in vitro enzymatic reaction giving (+)-cis-12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone involved in the defense response against insects and fungi. JA is synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid (LA) by the octadecanoid pathway in plants. 12-oxo-Phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is one of the biosynthetic intermediates in this pathway. The reported stereo selective total synthesis of cis-(+)-OPDA is not very efficient due to the many steps involved in the reaction as well as the use of water sensitive reactions. Therefore, we developed an enzymatic method for the synthesis of OPDA using acetone powder of flax seed and allene oxide cyclase (PpAOC2) from Physcomitrella patens. From this method, natural cis-(+)-OPDA can be synthesized in the high yield of approximately 40%. In this study, we investigated the substrate specificity of the enzymatic synthesis of other OPDA analogs with successions to afford OPDA amino acid conjugates, dinor-OPDA (dn-OPDA), and OPDA monoglyceride, and it was suggested that the biosynthetic pathway of arabidopsides could occur via MGDG