Aplicação do escore CRIB como preditor de óbito em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: uma abordagem ampliada The use of CRIB score as mortality predictor at neonatal intensive care unit: an extended approach

OBJETIVOS: avaliar o uso do escore CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) em todos os recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e comparar seus resultados com peso ao nascer e idade gestacional. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional, envolvendo todos os recém-nascidos internados na UTIN do Hospital Universitário de Taubaté. As variáveis foram escore CRIB, peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, uso de surfactante, cateterização umbilical, asfixia neonatal e óbito. Foram comparadas as médias do escore CRIB, peso ao nascer e idade gestacional segundo óbito. Foram estimados os valores da sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo e risco relativo e criadas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) para CRIB, peso ao nascer e idade gestacional. Utilizou-se da técnica t de Student e qui-quadrado de tendência linear. A significância estatística foi alfa = 5%. RESULTADOS: óbito esteve associado a maiores valores do CRIB; houve tendência de mais casos com asfixia, uso de surfactante, cateterização umbilical e óbitos com as classes maiores do CRIB. A curva ROC relativa ao CRIB foi maior que as relativas ao peso ao nascer e idade gestacional. CONCLUSÕES: o escore CRIB foi bom preditor do óbito quando aplicado em todos os RN.<br>OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) score as mortality predictor in all newborn at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to compare with birthweight and gestational age. METHODS: observational study with newborn admitted at NICU of University Hospital of Taubaté. The variables were CRIB score, birth weight, gestational age, use of surfactant, umbilical catheter, neonatal asphyxia and death. The association between CRIB score and other variables was estimated. The values of sensitivity, specificity, predictive and negative values and relative risk and 95% confidence interval of were estimated and created ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves to CRIB, birth weight and gestational age. Student t test and linear trend chi2 were applied to statistical analysis. The significance level was alfa = 5%. RESULTS: the death was associated with elevated values of CRIB and there was trend of more cases with use of surfactant, umbilical catheter, neonatal asphyxia and deaths with upper class of CRIB. The ROC curve of CRIB had a larger area under the curve than ROC curve for birth weight and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: the CRIB score was as good predictor to death when applied to all newborn

Escore CRIB, peso ao nascer e idade gestacional na avaliação do risco de mortalidade neonatal CRIB score, birth weight and gestational age in neonatal mortality risk evaluation

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a mortalidade dos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em uma UTI neonatal conforme as variações do escore CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies), do peso de nascimento e da idade gestacional em determinado período. MÉTODOS: O escore CRIB foi aplicado seqüencial e prospectivamente em todos os recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento <1.500 g e/ou idade gestacional <31 semanas, em maternidade de um hospital universitário de Londrina, no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2000. Os critérios de exclusão foram: óbitos antes de 12 horas de vida, os recém- nascidos com malformações congênitas incompatíveis com a sobrevida e os recém- nascidos encaminhados de outros serviços. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 284 recém-nascidos. O peso médio de nascimento foi de 1.148±248 g (mediana =1.180 g); a idade gestacional média foi de 30,2±2,4 semanas (mediana =30,0) e o CRIB médio foi de 3,8±4,4 (mediana =2,0). A mortalidade neonatal foi de 23,2% diferindo conforme peso <750 g (72,7%), IG<29 semanas (57,1%) e CRIB>10 (79,4%). A curva ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristic) para os valores de CRIB, peso de nascimento e idade gestacional gerou áreas sob a curva de 0,88, 0,76 e 0,81, respectivamente. Na análise bivariada, o CRIB, peso e idade gestacional mostraram-se preditores de mortalidade, sendo o escore CRIB>4 o de melhor resultado com sensibilidade de 75,8%, especificidade de 86,7%, valor preditivo positivo de 63,3% e valor preditivo negativo de 92,2%. CONCLUSÕES: Os recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento <750 g, idade gestacional <29 semanas e escore CRIB>10 tiveram maiores taxas de mortalidade, sendo o escore CRIB>4 o que representou melhor poder preditivo quando comparado com peso ao nascer e idade gestacional.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality rate of very low birth weight babies born at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during a specified period of time according to variations in CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) score, birth weight and gestational age. METHODS: From January 1997 to December 2000, the CRIB score was prospectively applied to all newborn infants admitted to the NICU of an university hospital of Londrina, Brazil, with birthweight under 1,500 g and/or gestational age of less than 31 weeks. The exclusion criteria were: death before 12 hours of life, presence of lethal congenital malformations and newborns who had been referred from other hospital. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-four infants met the inclusion criteria. Mean birth weight was 1,148±248 g (median =1,180), mean gestational age was 30.2±2.4 weeks (median =30.0) and mean CRIB score was 3.8±4.4 (median =2.0). The neonatal mortality rate was 23.2%, varying according to mean birthweight <750 g (72.7%), gestational age <29 weeks (57.1%) and CRIB score >10 (79.4%). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were composed for CRIB score, birth weight and gestational age to assess the ability of each to predict hospital mortality and the areas under the curve were respectively 0.88, 0.76 and 0.81. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were evaluated and all variables were considered predictors of mortality (p<0.0001). The optimal cut off point based on the ROC curve for the CRIB score was 4 with sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 86.7, positive predictive value 63.3% and negative predictive value 92.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study infants with birthweight of less than 750 grams, less than 29 weeks gestational age and CRIB scores above 10 had higher mortality rates. However, a CRIB score higher than 4 proved to be a better predictor of mortality when compared to birthweight and gestational age

Aalenian to Cenomanian Radiolaria of the Bermeja Complex (Puerto Rico) and Pacific origin of radiolarites on the Caribbean Plate

The study of the radiolarian ribbon chert is a key in determining the origins of associated Mesozoic oceanic terranes and may help to achieve a general agreement regarding the basic principles on the evolution of the Caribbean Plate. The Bermeja Complex of Puerto Rico, which contains serpentinized peridotite, altered basalt, amphibolite, and chert (Mariquita Chert Formation), is one of these crucial oceanic terranes. The radiolarian biochronology presented in this work is mainly based by correlation on the biozonations of Baumgartner et al. (1995) and O'Dogherty (1994) and indicates an early Middle Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous (late Bajocian-early Callovian to late early Albian-early middle Cenomanian) age. The illustrated assemblages contain about 120 species, of which one is new (Pantanellium karinae), and belonging to about 50 genera. A review of the previous radiolarian published works on the Mariquita Chert Formation and the results of this study suggest that this formation ranges in age from Middle Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous (late Aalenian to early-middle Cenomanian) and also reveal a possible feature of the Bermeja Complex, which is the younging of radiolarian cherts from north to south, evoking a polarity of accretion. On the basis of a currently exhaustive inventory of the radiolarite facies s.s. on the Caribbean Plate, a re-examination of the regional distribution of Middle Jurassic sediments associated with oceanic crust, and a paleoceanographic argumentation on the water currents, we come to the conclusion that the radiolarite and associated Mesozoic oceanic terranes of the Caribbean Plate are of Pacific origin. Eventually, a discussion on the origin of the cherts of the Mariquita Formation illustrated by Middle Jurassic to middle Cretaceous geodynamic models of the Pacific and Caribbean realms bring up the possibility that the rocks of the Bermeja Complex are remnants of two different oceans