Efetividade da injeção intrarticular de lidocaína na redução das luxações anteriores do ombro: ensaio clínico randomizado

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Shoulder dislocation is the most common dislocation among the large joints. The aim here was to compare the effectiveness of reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation with or without articular anesthesia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective randomized trial conducted in Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) (EPM-UNIFESP). METHODS: From March 2008 to December 2009, 42 patients with shoulder dislocation were recruited. Reductions using traction-countertraction for acute anterior shoulder dislocation with and without lidocaine articular anesthesia were compared. As the primary outcome, pain was assessed through application of a visual analogue scale before reduction, and one and five minutes after the reduction maneuver was performed. Complications were also assessed. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were included: 20 in the group without analgesia (control group) and 22 in the group that received intra-articular lidocaine injection. The group that received intra-articular lidocaine had a statistically greater decrease in pain over time than shown by the control group, both in the first minute (respectively: mean 2.1 (0 to 5.0), standard deviation, SD 1.3, versus mean 4.9 (2.0 to 7.0, SD 1.5; P < 0.001) and the fifth minute (respectively: mean 1.0; 0 to 3.0; SD = 1.0 versus mean 4.0; 1.0 to 6.0; SD = 1.4; P < 0.001). There was one failure in the control group. There were no other complications in either group. CONCLUSION: Reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation using intra-articular lidocaine injection is effective, since it is safe and diminishes the pain. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN27127703.CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A luxação do ombro é a mais frequente luxação das grandes articulações. O objetivo foi comparar a efetividade da redução da luxação anterior aguda do ombro, com ou sem anestesia articular. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Ensaio clínico randomizado desenvolvido na Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) (EPM-UNIFESP). MÉTODOS: De março de 2008 a dezembro de 2009 foram recrutados 42 pacientes com luxação anterior do ombro agudas. Foi comparada a redução de tração e contra-tração com e sem anestesia intra-articular com lidocaína. Como desfecho primário, a dor foi avaliada por meio da escala visual analógica antes da redução e um e cinco minutos após a redução do ombro. Complicações também foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 42 pacientes: 20 no grupo sem anestesia (grupo controle) e 22 no grupo que recebeu injeção intra-articular de lidocaína. O grupo que recebeu lidocaína intra-articular teve estatisticamente menos dor no primeiro (média = 2,1; 0 a 5,0, desvio padrão, DP, de 1,3, versus média = 4,9; 2,0 a 7,0; DP = 1,5; respectivamente; P < 0,001) e no quinto minutos (média = 1,0; 0 a 3,0; DP = 1,0 versus 4,0; 1,0 a 6,0; DP = 1,4; respectivamente; P < 0,001) após a redução em comparação ao grupo controle. Houve uma falha no grupo controle. Não houve complicações adicionais em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A redução da luxação do ombro com o uso de lidocaína intra-articular é efetiva, pois é segura e proporciona menos dor. REGISTRO DE ENSAIO CLÍNICO: ISRCTN27127703Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologySciEL

A tomografia computadorizada e sua reconstrução 3D aumentam a reprodutibilidade das classificações das fraturas da extremidade proximal do úmero?

OBJECTIVE:to determine whether 3D reconstruction images from computed tomography (CT) increase the inter and intraobserver agreement of the Neer and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification systems.METHODS:radiographic images and tomographic images with 3D reconstruction were obtained in three shoulder positions and were analyzed on two occasions by four independent observers.RESULTS:the radiographic evaluation demonstrated that using CT improved the inter and intraobserver agreement of the Neer classification. This was not seen with the AO classification, in which CT was only shown to increase the interobserver agreement.CONCLUSION:use of 3D CT allows better evaluation of fractures with regard to their component parts and their displacements, but nevertheless the intraobserver agreement presented is less than ideal.OBJETIVO:determinar se as imagens da reconstrução 3D da tomografia computadorizada (TC) aumentam a concordância inter e intraobservador dos sistemas de classificação de Neer e Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO).MÉTODOS:foram obtidas imagens radiográficas em três posições do ombro e imagens tomográficas com reconstrução 3D, que foram analisadas em dois tempos por quatro observadores independentes.RESULTADOS:a avaliação radiográfica demonstrou que o uso da TC melhora a concordância intra e interobservadores para a classificação de Neer. O mesmo não foi observado na classificação AO, na qual a TC demonstrou aumento somente da concordância interobservadores.CONCLUSÃO:o uso de TC 3D permite uma melhor avaliação da fratura quanto às partes que a compõem e aos seus desvios, mas mesmo assim apresenta uma concordância intraobservadores menor do que a ideal.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Result from surgical treatment on the terrible triad of the elbow

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results from surgical treatment of the terrible triad of the elbow, with a minimum of six months of follow-up, taking elbow function into consideration.MethodsThe analyzed aspects of 20 patients, who underwent surgical treatment of the terrible triad of the elbow, were given as follows: Dash score (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), Meps (Mayo Elbow Performance Score), pain according to VAS (visual analog scale), ROM (range of motion), patient satisfaction, degree of energy of the trauma, complications and radiographs.ResultsThe mean length of follow-up among the patients was 38 months. There were statistically significant relationships between the following set of parameters: trauma mechanism and patient satisfaction; radiological outcome of “heterotopic ossification” and satisfaction; functional flexion–extension ROM and satisfaction; and between type of radial head fracture and presence of a radiological outcome.ConclusionThe surgical treatment for the terrible triad of the elbow generally provided satisfactory results, when the functioning of this joint upon the return to activities was taken into consideration

Comparison between DASH and SF-36 of the injured elbow rehabilitated in occupational therapy

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate upper limb function and quality of life of patients who have suffered from traumatic elbow lesion, submitted to surgical treatment and rehabilitation. METHODS: Through a transversal study, 22 patients diagnosed with traumatic elbow lesion, treated surgically by the UNIFESP Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group and rehabilitated at Lar Escola São Francisco, Occupational Therapy division, Hand and Upper Limb Therapy service, were evaluated using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and SF-36 Short-Form questionnaires. Results: The average DASH score was 31.36. The average result of the SF-36 domains was 60.32, for functional capacity; 27.05 for the physical aspect; 59.19, for pain; 66.99 for general health; 59.95 for vitality; 73.75 for the social aspect; 38.18 for the emotional aspect and 62.43 for mental health. The results of the DASH were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Patients with elbow traumatic lesion are capable of carrying out daily activities, but show some level of reduced function of the damaged limb and impaired quality of life. Level of Evidence V, Therapeutic Studies investigating the results of treatment.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função do membro superior e a qualidade de vida de pacientes que sofreram lesão traumática do cotovelo, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e de reabilitação. MÉTODOS: Por meio de um estudo transversal, 22 pacientes tratados cirurgicamente pelo Grupo de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo da UNIFESP e reabilitados no Lar Escola São Francisco, setor de Terapia Ocupacional, serviço de Terapia da Mão e Membro Superior, foram avaliados com os questionários Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) e SF-36 Short-Form. RESULTADOS: O escore médio do DASH foi 31,36. O resultado médio dos domínios do SF-36 foi 60,32 para capacidade funcional, 27,05 para aspecto físico, 59,19 para dor, 66,99 para estado de saúde geral, 59,95 para vitalidade, 73,75 para aspecto social, 38,18 para aspecto emocional e 62,43 para saúde mental. A correlação entre o DASH e o SF-36 obteve índice estatisticamente significante nos domínios aspecto físico (p<0,008), vitalidade (p<0,034) e aspecto social (p<0,029). Os resultados do DASH não obtiveram índices estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com lesão traumática do cotovelo são capazes de desempenhar as atividades de rotina, mas apresentam algum grau de redução na função do membro acometido e comprometimento na qualidade de vida. Nível de Evidência V, Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaLar Escola São Francisco Centro de ReabilitaçãoUNIFESP, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

Transversal study about acute acromioclavicular lesions

The objective of the present transversal study is to check how Brazilian orthopedists treat these injuries, their criteria for choosing the treatment, results and complications. METHODS: During the 6th Brazilian Congress of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (CBOC) and the 38th Brazilian Congress of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (CBOT) 507 questionnaires were distributed (148 CBOC and 359 CBOT), with 478 being considered for analysis. RESULTS: Regarding type-I and -II ACIs, most of the respondents use traditional non-surgical methods. On the other hand, for type-IV, V and VI injuries, 475 (99.4%) of the respondents indicate surgical methods. Concerning type-III injuries, there is no consensus in the selection between traditional and surgical treatment for 386 (80.7%) respondents, with the most important factor for selecting a given treatment method being the patient's level of sports practice and age. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus regarding type-III ACIs, and the selection of the best treatment method is made according to patient's individual characteristics. However, current literature shows a trend towards non-operative methods.OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo transversal é verificar como o ortopedista brasileiro interpreta as lesões acromioclaviculares quanto aos critérios para a indicação do tratamento cirúrgico ou não, seus métodos preferidos, as complicações mais frequentes e os resultados obtidos. MÉTODOS: Durante o 6º Congresso Brasileiro de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo (CBOC) e o 38º Congresso Brasileiro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (CBOT) foram distribuídos 507 questionários, sendo considerados 478 para análise. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao tratamento das LAC tipo I e II, a maioria dos entrevistados utilizam métodos não cirúrgicos. Em contraposição nas LAC IV, V e VI 475 (99,4%) dos entrevistados tratam essas lesões cirurgicamente. Nas LAC tipo III não existe uma definição na escolha do tratamento cirúrgico ou não cirúrgico para 386 (80,7%) entrevistados, sendo que o fator mais importante para tomada de decisão para a maioria dos entrevistados é a atividade esportiva do paciente e a idade. CONCLUSÃO: Nas LAC tipo III não há consenso, sendo o tratamento determinado conforme as características do paciente, contudo na literatura atual há uma tendência para o tratamento não cirúrgico destas lesões.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

Treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome using the technique of medial partial epicondylectomy of the elbow

OBJECTIVE: The authors made a retrospective analysis of the results of 21 cases of cubital syndrome that were surgically treated with the partial medial epicondylectomy. METHODS: From February 2001 to October 2006, 21 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were treated with the technique of elbow partial medial epicondylectomy associated to neurolysis of the ulnar nerve. Of these patients, 12 (57.1%) were male. The right side was involved in 15 (71.4%). Mean age of the patients was 51.6 years. According to McGowan classification, six (28.6%) patients were grade I, 11 (52.3%), grade II, and four (19.1%), grade III in the preoperative period. RESULTS: The mean post-operative follow-up time was 25.7 months. In the post-operative period, patients were evaluated according to the Bishop score scale, and nine of them (42.8%) showed excellent results, seven (33.3%) had good results, three (14.2%), regular, and two patients (9.5%) had poor results. The authors did not find in this series any complications represented by residual valgus instability, permanent lesion of the ulnar nerve, recurrent compression, or subluxation of the ulnar nerve. Complications found were the loss of the movement arch in one case (4.7%), superficial infection in one case (4.7%), and residual pain in one case (4.7%). CONCLUSION: The results allow for the conclusion that partial medial epicondylectomy of the elbow associated to neurolysis of the ulnar nerve is effective and safe to treat cubital tunnel syndrome.OBJETIVO: Analisamos retrospectivamente os resultados de 21 casos de síndrome cubital tratados cirurgicamente com a técnica da epicondilectomia parcial medial. MÉTODOS: No período de fevereiro de 2001 a outubro de 2006, 21 pacientes com síndrome do canal cubital foram tratados pela técnica da epicondilectomia parcial medial do cotovelo associada à neurólise do nervo ulnar. Destes, 12 (57,1%) eram do sexo masculino. O lado direito foi o acometido em 15 (71,4%) pacientes. A média da idade dos pacientes foi de 51,6 anos. Pela graduação de McGowan, seis (28,6%) pacientes encontravam-se no grau I, 11 (52,3%), no grau II e quatro (19,1%), no grau III do período pré-operatório. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de acompanhamento pós-operatório foi de 25,7 meses. No pós-operatório, os pacientes foram avaliados conforme a escala de pontos de Bishop, sendo que nove (42,8%) apresentavam resultados excelentes, sete (33,3%), bons, três (14,2%), regulares e dois (9,5%), ruins. Nesta série, não se encontraram como complicações a instabilidade em valgo residual, a lesão permanente do nervo ulnar, a recidiva da compressão ou a subluxação do nervo ulnar. As complicações encontradas foram perda do arco de movimento em um (4,7%) caso, infecção superficial em um (4,7%) e um (4,7%) com dor residual. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apresentados permitem concluir que a epicondilectomia parcial medial do cotovelo associada à neurólise do nervo ulnar é eficiente e segura para o tratamento da síndrome do canal cubital.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

Surgical Interventions for the Treatment of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children: Protocol of a Systematic Review

Background: The treatment of supracondylar humerus fracture in children (SHFC) is associated with complications such as functional deficit, residual deformity, and iatrogenic neurological damage. The standard treatment is closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation with different configurations. Despite this fact, there is still no consensus on the most effective technique for the treatment of these fractures. Objective: The aim of this systematic review will be to evaluate the effect of surgical interventions on the treatment of Gartland type II and III SHFC by assessing function, complications, and error as primary outcomes. Clinical outcomes such as range of motion and pain and radiographic outcomes will also be judged. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the surgical treatment of SHFC will be carried out in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude, and Excerpta Medica Database. The search will also occur at ongoing and recently completed clinical trials in selected databases. Data management and extraction will be performed using a data withdrawal form and by analyzing the following: study method characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, results, methodological domains, and risk of bias. To assess the risk of bias of the included trials, the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used. Dichotomous outcome data will be analyzed as risk ratios, and continuous outcome data will be expressed as mean differences, both with 95% confidence intervals. Also, whenever possible, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of heterogeneity will be performed. Results: Following the publication of this protocol, searches will be run and included studies will be deeply analyzed. We hope to obtain final results in the next few months and have the final paper published by the end of 2018. This study was funded by a government-based noncommercial agency, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP). Conclusions: This study may provide surgical treatment effects evidence for SHFC. The results will assist clinical practice by demonstrating the effectiveness and potential complications of these interventions and might serve as a reference for future clinical trials on the topic.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol, Rua Borges Lagoa 783-5o, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol, Rua Borges Lagoa 783-5o, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc