Entry routes into the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland training: status versus sustainability.

Education plays a pivotal role in establishing the elite status of a profession. This paper sets out to understand the role of social and political influences in the determination of entry routes to professional accounting training with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS). The paper charts the development of various entry routes which converted ICAS from an Institute with few graduate entrants in the mid-1950s to an Institute with almost 100% graduate entrants today

The Birth of Children's Book Reviews, 1918-1929

This study examines the beginnings of regularly published reviews of children's books in columns and journals from the period of 1918 to 1929. The influence of the historical context on this development is considered. The first year or volume of children's book reviews in The Bookman (1918), New York Herald-Tribune Books (1924), The Horn Book (1924), Saturday Review of Literature (1927), and Library Journal (1929) are analyzed with regards to audience addressed, the reviewer's intention, format used, and inclusion of bibliographic and other commentary or material. In addition, individual reviews of the 1922 to 1930 Newbery Award winners are analyzed as to the descriptive, critical, and sociological elements they contained, length, and reviewer's attitude towards the book. Booklist is briefly considered in addition to the previous journals in this section. The early reviews are characterized by an interest in promotion of reading and owning quality children's books to a general audience of parents. These characteristics still influence the reviews being published today for library professionals

Overview: Computer vision and machine learning for microstructural characterization and analysis

The characterization and analysis of microstructure is the foundation of microstructural science, connecting the materials structure to its composition, process history, and properties. Microstructural quantification traditionally involves a human deciding a priori what to measure and then devising a purpose-built method for doing so. However, recent advances in data science, including computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) offer new approaches to extracting information from microstructural images. This overview surveys CV approaches to numerically encode the visual information contained in a microstructural image, which then provides input to supervised or unsupervised ML algorithms that find associations and trends in the high-dimensional image representation. CV/ML systems for microstructural characterization and analysis span the taxonomy of image analysis tasks, including image classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, and instance segmentation. These tools enable new approaches to microstructural analysis, including the development of new, rich visual metrics and the discovery of processing-microstructure-property relationships.Comment: submitted to Materials and Metallurgical Transactions

Starting STEM on the Right Foot: Developing a Student Success OER for First-Year STEM Students

This presentation will introduce a collaborative project between library and STEM faculty. The goal of the project is the creation of an open educational resource (OER) for first-year college students entering STEM fields. The final product may be an adaptation of an existing college success OER or supplemental resources. A driving force of the project is the recognition that success in STEM fields in college and beyond requires knowledge and skills distinct from and in addition to general college success skills. Early stages of the project are data gathering from first-year STEM students and STEM faculty to identify and prioritize the areas of need to be addressed in the OER. We will also be evaluating currently available college success and STEM-related OER to determine what can be remixed or adapted and what content should be created from scratch. Time will be allotted during the presentation for collaborative discussion regarding the project in its early stages

IgG transmitted from allergic mothers decreases allergic sensitization in breastfed offspring

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The mechanism(s) responsible for the reduced risk of allergic disease in breastfed infants are not fully understood. Using an established murine model of asthma, we demonstrated previously that resistance to allergic airway disease transmitted from allergic mothers to breastfed offspring requires maternal B cell-derived factors.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the role of offspring neonatal Fc receptor for IgG uptake by intestinal epithelial cells (FcRn) in this breast milk transferred protection from allergy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Allergic airway disease was induced during pregnancy in C57BL/6 female mice. These allergic mothers foster nursed naive FcRn^+/-or FcRn^-/-progeny born to FcRn^+/-females that were mated to C57BL/6J-FcRn^-/-male mice. In offspring deficient in FcRn, we expected reduced levels of systemic allergen-specific IgG₁, a consequence of decreased absorption of maternal IgG from the lumen of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Using this model, we were able to investigate how breast milk IgG affected offspring responses to allergic sensitization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Levels of maternal antibodies absorbed from the breast milk of allergic foster mothers were determined in weanling FcRn-sufficient or -deficient mice. Maternal transmission of allergen-specific IgG₁to breastfed FcRn^-/-offspring was at levels 10³-10⁴lower than observed in FcRn^+/-or FcRn^+/+mice. Five weeks after weaning, when offspring were 8 wk old, mice were sensitized and challenged to evaluate their susceptibility to develop allergic airway disease. Protection, indicated by reduced parameters of disease (allergen-specific IgE in serum, eosinophilic inflammation in the airways and lung) were evident in FcRn-sufficient mice nursed as neonates by allergic mothers. In contrast, FcRn-deficient mice breastfed by the same mothers acquired limited, if any, protection from development of allergen-specific IgE and associated pathology.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>FcRn expression was a major factor in determining how breastfed offspring of allergic mothers acquired levels of systemic allergen-specific IgG₁sufficient to inhibit allergic sensitization in this model.</p

The tripartite-circle crossing number of graphs with two small partition classes

A tripartite-circle drawing of a tripartite graph is a drawing in the plane, where each part of a vertex partition is placed on one of three disjoint circles, and the edges do not cross the circles. The tripartite-circle crossing number of a tripartite graph is the minimum number of edge crossings among all its tripartite-circle drawings. We determine the exact value of the tripartite-circle crossing number of $K_{a,b,n}$, where $a,b\leq 2$.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures. Added new results and revised throughout. Originally appeared in arXiv:1910.06963v1, now removed from arXiv:1910.06963v

Maternal Transmission of Resistance to Development of Allergic Airway Disease

Parental phenotype is known to influence the inheritance of atopic diseases, such as allergic asthma, with a maternal history being a more significant risk factor for progeny than paternal history. We hypothesized that recall Th1- or Th2-type immune responses during pregnancy would result in transfer of maternal factors that would differentially impact development of immune responsiveness in offspring. Following weaning, susceptibility and severity of allergic airway disease (a murine model of human asthma) was evaluated in progeny, disease being elicited by immunization with OVA-Al(OH)3 and challenge with aerosolized OVA. We found that progeny of mothers with Th1-biased immunity to OVA subjected to recall aerosol challenge during pregnancy had reduced levels of Ag-specific IgE and airway eosinophilia compared with progeny of mothers with Th2-biased immunity to OVA or naive mothers. Interestingly, progeny of mothers with Th1-type immunity to a heterologous albumin, BSA, were not protected from developing OVA-induced allergic airway disease. These findings demonstrated that maternal transfer of protection from development of allergic airway disease to offspring in this model of maternal Th1-type immunity was Ag specific

Bounding the tripartite-circle crossing number of complete tripartite graphs

A tripartite-circle drawing of a tripartite graph is a drawing in the plane, where each part of a vertex partition is placed on one of three disjoint circles, and the edges do not cross the circles. We present upper and lower bounds on the minimum number of crossings in tripartite-circle drawings of $K_{m,n,p}$ and the exact value for $K_{2,2,n}$. In contrast to 1- and 2-circle drawings, which may attain the Harary-Hill bound, our results imply that balanced restricted 3-circle drawings of the complete graph are not optimal

Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GeoCAPE) Wide Angle Spectrometer (WAS)

The GeoCAPE Wide Angle Spectrometer (WAS) Study was a revisit of the COEDI Study from 2012. The customer primary goals were to keep mass, volume and cost to a minimum while meeting the science objectives and maximizing flight opportunities by fitting on the largest number of GEO accommodations possible. Riding on a commercial GEO satellite minimizes total mission costs. For this study, it is desired to increase the coverage rate,km2min, while maintaining ground sample size, 375m, and spectral resolution, 0.4-0.5nm native resolution. To be able to do this, the IFOV was significantly increased, hence the wide angle moniker. The field of view for COEDI was +0.6 degrees or (2048) 375m ground pixels. The WAS Threshold (the IDL study baseline design) is +2.4 degrees IDL study baseline design) is +2.4 degrees