12 research outputs found

    Basic train driver education in Sweden : simulator usage and ERTMS

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    Detta notat ger en översiktlig bild av den obligatoriska grundutbildningen till lokförare i Sverige och belyser i vilken mĂ„n simulatorbaserad trĂ€ning förekommer inom utbildningen. Rapporten visar vilka möjligheter och begrĂ€nsningar som finns med att öka anvĂ€ndningen av simulatorer i lokförarutbildningen, samt beskriver de viktigaste styrdokumenten för lokföraryrket och lokförarutbildningen. Vidare presenteras Transportstyrelsens utbildningsplan för förarbevis och de aktörer som bedriver grundutbildning, fortbildning och examination. Trafikverkets E-Learning för ERTMS, ERSA-simulatorn samt operatörsspecifika ERTMS-utbildningar vid SJ och Green Cargo beskrivs. Forskarna har dessutom undersökt svenska tĂ„goperatörers och utbildares nuvarande anvĂ€ndning och framtida behov av simulatorer för grund- och fortbildning av lokförare. Exempel frĂ„n andra domĂ€ner dĂ€r simulatorer anvĂ€nds i utbildningssammanhang lyfts ocksĂ„ fram i rapporten.This report, which provides an overview of the compulsory basic training for train drivers in Sweden, highlights the occurrence of simulator-based training in education, along with the training efforts being made with regards to the future introduction of ERTMS/ETCS. The report also shows the possibilities and limitations of increased use of simulators in driver training and describes the most important governing documents for train drivers and train driver training. Furthermore, the Swedish Transport Agency curriculum for train driver licenses is presented along with the institutions engaged in basic education, training and examination of train driver’s. Also, the Swedish Transport Administration’s E-learning tool for ERTMS, the ERSA-simulator and company specific ERTMS education at SJ and Green Cargo are described. Moreover, Swedish train companies’ and educators’ current use and future needs of simulators for train driver training were examined. Examples from other domains where simulators are used in a training context are also presented.European Rail Traffic Management System</p

    The use of simulators for studies of driver performance

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    Development of a freight train model for the VTI train simulator

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    Genom höjda hastigheter för godstĂ„g finns möjligheter till en högre prioritering av trafikslaget hos tĂ„gtrafikledningen, vilket i sig Ă€r en kapacitetsvinst och bör ge upphov till bĂ€ttre flöden och högre kapacitet pĂ„ det svenska jĂ€rnvĂ€gsnĂ€tet (framför allt pĂ„ stambanorna). Simulatorer Ă€r ett effektivt och sĂ€kert sĂ€tt att undersöka effekter av förĂ€ndringar pĂ„ bĂ„de förarbeteende och kapacitet. Syftet med det hĂ€r projektet var att skapa kapacitetshöjande möjligheter och Ă„tgĂ€rder genom att ta fram en loktĂ„gssimulator och undersöka möjliga anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den för denna. MĂ„let med projektet var att fĂ„ fram en loktĂ„gssimulator, bestĂ„ende av ett lok och ett antal vagnar, som kan anvĂ€ndas i studier för att öka kapaciteten genom till exempel optimerad hastighet, och dĂ€rmed förĂ€ndrade bromsprofiler, för loktĂ„g. Projektet har levererat kunskap i form av nya testmetoder, en loktĂ„gssimulator samt mjukvaruplattform för ytterligare testverksamhet. Projektet genomfördes i tre successiva etapper. I den första etappen genomfördes en förstudie med lokförare, operatörer och problemĂ€gare, som gav forskarna en förstĂ„else för förarmiljön. HĂ€r samlades Ă€ven in en del av det underlag som krĂ€vdes för utveckling av loktĂ„gsimulatorn. I den andra etappen utvecklades en simulator för loktĂ„g (mjukvara och hĂ„rdvara). Etapp tre var en valideringsstudie tillsammans med lokförare. Ett förarbord av modellen Traxx köptes in frĂ„n en tysk tillverkare. Fordonsmodellen utvecklades frĂ„n en enstaka enhet, Reginamodell (motorvagnstĂ„g), till en kombination av flera enheter. LoktĂ„get i simulatorn bestĂ„r av ett eller flera draglok samt ett antal vagnar med en total lĂ€ngd pĂ„ maximalt 750 meter. Som draglok anvĂ€nds ett lok av modellen Traxx. För varje enhet, lok och vagn, krĂ€vs data över enheten: lĂ€ngd, vikt, last, broms-, rull- och luftmotstĂ„nd. För lok tillkommer dessutom information om ljud, drivning, broms (Ă„termatande elbroms samt konventionell pneumatisk broms (P-broms)), hyttutrustning med mera. För nĂ€rvarande finns banstrĂ€ckningen mellan Falköping–Jönköping–Forserum fĂ€rdigmodellerad och kommer anvĂ€ndas för loktĂ„gskörning med ATC. Modellen Ă€r konfigurerbar utifrĂ„n ett lok (Traxx) och i nulĂ€get fyra olika vagnar. Dessa kan kopplas samman i olika kombinationer. NĂ„gra anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den som diskuterades redan vid projektstart var dels de som naturligt kan kopplas till följder av lĂ€ngre och tyngre tĂ„g, dels de idĂ©er som uppkom som följd av den utrustning som köptes in. Vid Trafikverkets vintermöte genomfördes en workshop dĂ€r ytterligare anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den diskuterades. NĂ„gra av dessa handlar om utbildning,energieffektiv körning eller projektering. Utbildning och vissa typer av studier gĂ„r att göra med den nu existerande loktĂ„gsmodellen, medan andra krĂ€ver antingen validering av parametrar eller viss vidareutveckling av modellen. Projektet har levererat kunskap i form av nya testmetoder, denna forskningsrapport och en produkt i form av en loktĂ„gssimulator samt mjukvaruplattform för ytterligare testverksamhet. Projektet har Ă€ven levererat en nationell resurs i form av simulatormjukvara. Mjukvaran har lagt grunden för en kostnadseffektiv testverksamhet inom loktĂ„gsdomĂ€nen. En loktĂ„gssimulering (simulering av loktĂ„g) har tagits fram, vilken kommer att vara vĂ€rdefull som ett demonstrationsverktyg samt för utbildning, trĂ€ning och projektering.Allowing higher speeds for freight trains would provide opportunities for a higher prioritization in the traffic flow by rail traffic management, which in itself is a capacity gain and should generate better flows and higher capacity on the Swedish rail network, especially on the major railways. Simulators are an effective and safe way to investigate the effects of changes in both driver behavior and capacity. The purpose of this project was to create capacity-enhancing opportunities and actions by developing a freight train simulator and investigating its possible application areas. The aim of the project was to provide a freight train simulator, consisting of a locomotive and a number of wagons, which can be used in studies to increase capacity through, for example, optimized speed, and thus changing braking profiles, for long trains. The project has delivered knowledge of new test methods, a freight train simulator and a software platform for further testing. The project was conducted in three successive stages. In the first phase, a pilot study was carried out with drivers, operators and problem owners, who gave the researchers an understanding of the driving environment. In addition, some of the data needed for the development of the freight train simulator was collected. In the second phase, a freight train (software and hardware) model was developed. Stage three was a validation study together with drivers. A Traxx model driver console was purchased from a German manufacturer. The vehicle model was developed from a single unit, Regina type (motorcar train), into a combination of several units. The train in the simulator consists of one or more locomotives and a number of wagons with a total length of up to 750 meters. A locomotive of Traxx model is used. For each device, locomotive and wagon, data is required: length, weight, load, brake, roll and air resistance. In addition, information about noise, driving, braking (re-electrical braking and conventional pneumatic brake) (P-brake), cab equipment and more are added. Currently, the track between Falköping - Jönköping - Forserum is modelled and will be used for ATC trains. The model is configurable using combinations of a locomotive (Traxx) and, currently, four different types of wagons. These can be linked in different combinations. Some applications that were discussed at the start of the project were, on the one side, those that could naturally be linked to longer and heavier trains, and, on the other, the ideas that arose because of the equipment purchased. At the Transport Administration winter meeting, a workshop was conducted where further uses were discussed. Among these are applications within education, energy efficient driving or design. Education and certain types of studies could be performed with the existing locomotive model, while others require either validation of parameters or some further development of the model. The project has provided knowledge of new test methods, this research report and a product in the form of a freight train simulator and software platform for further testing. The project has also delivered a national resource of simulator software. The software provides for cost-effective testing activities in the freight train domain. A freight train simulator has been developed, which will be valuable as a demonstration tool as well as a platform for training

    An Approach for Realistic Simulation of Real Road Condition in a Moving Base Driving Simulator

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    With today&apos;s advanced measurement equipment for monitoring road condition, it is possible to measure road geometry at high precision within a large span of wavelengths. Detailed information about the roads&apos; longitudinal and lateral profiles, including macro texture, would in theory be sufficient for a realistic reproduction of road induced vibration and noise in a driving simulator. Especially, it would be possible to create a direct connection between the visual information of the road condition and the ride experience, which would increase the level of realism in the simulation. VTI has, during three years, performed an internal project called SHAKE with the aim to develop and implement models in VTI driving simulator III that use measured road data for generating realistic vibrations and audible road noise connected to the visual impression presented on the projection screen. This has indeed resulted in a more realistic driving experience, and a validation study with test persons driving both in the simulator and in the field has been undertaken. The OpenDRIVE standard is used as a framework for describing the road properties (e.g., visual, vibrations, and noise). For this purpose, some augmentations to the OpenDRIVE standard had to be made. This paper describes the technical implementations in the driving simulator, along with results from test drives on the implemented road sections

    Improving the realism in the VTI driving simulators : Shake final report

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    VÀg- och transportforskningsinstitutet (VTI) har tre avancerade körsimulatorer med rörelsesystem. Syftet med detta projekt var att utveckla och implementera nya modeller för grafik, vibrationer och buller, allt i syfte att öka realismen för föraren i simulatorn. Vidare skulle en valideringsstudie genomföras. Inom ramen för projektet uppnÄddes följande: Utveckling av ett nytt grafiskt programpaket \u95FörbÀttring av modellerna för vibrationer pÄ grund av dÀck/vÀg \u95FörbÀttring av rörelsesystemet genom förskjutning av rotationscentrum \u95FörbÀttring av modulen för buller, genom Äterskapande av dÀck- och vÀgbuller. \u95Synkronisering mellan vÀgytans grafiska presentation, buller och vibrationer . Modellernas validitet testades i VTI:s simulator III. Statistisk testning av skillnader mellan verklig bil och simulator indikerade absolut validitet för subjektiva bedömningar av vÀgytans jÀmnhet och tysthet och för det objektiva mÄttet hastighet, med undantag av omrÄden dÀr hastighetsgrÀnsen Àndrades. I dessa omrÄden erhölls endast relativ validitet eftersom bÄde accelerationer och retardationer var snabbare i simulatorn Àn i verklig bil. Relativ validitet indikerades ocksÄ för det subjektiva mÄttet generell komfort. Resultaten frÄn de olika valideringarna visar att förbÀttringarna har varit framgÄngsrika och föraren i simulatorn kan nu se, höra och kÀnna ojÀmnheter i vÀgbanan exakt nÀr hjulen trÀffar dessa. Fortfarande ÄterstÄr dock mÄnga möjligheter till ytterligare förbÀttringar i simulatormodellerna.The Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) has three advanced moving base driving simulators. The aim of this project was to develop and implement new models concerning vibration, noise and graphics in order to improve the realism in the simulators. Moreover, a validation study was to be conducted. Within the frame of the project the following were achieved: improvement of the tyre/road vibration models, \u95improvement of the motion system by changing the rotation centre, \u95improvement of the noise module facilitating reproduction of noise from tyre/road, \u95synchronization of the impressions from graphics, noise and vibrations caused by the road surface. The validity of the models was tested in the VTI Simulator III. Statistical testing of differences between the car and the simulator indicated absolute validity for the subjective ratings of evenness and noise level and the objective measure speed, with the exception of areas surrounding speed limit signs where only relative validity was found. Relative validity was also indicated for the variable overall comfort. The results from the different validations show that the improvements have been successful and the driver in the simulator can now see, hear and feel the sensation of any road surface irregularities exactly when the wheels hit that part of the road. However, several improvements in the simulator models can still be desired
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