Parahidroxifenilsalicilamida e natamicina no controle de fungos na superfície de salames tipo milano

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2009O estudo objetivou o controle da proliferação de fungos nas câmaras de maturação de salames tipo Milano através de dois métodos: Imersão dos envoltórios com natamicina e aplicando parahidroxifenilsalicilamida (PHPS) no ambiente, por fumigação, isoladamente e de forma combinada. A natamicina mostrou visualmente maior eficiência e rapidez na redução no número de colônias na superfície dos produtos. Usando a PHPS foi possível controlar melhor os fungos de ação altamente deletéria para os envoltórios. A PHPS demonstrou ação mais lenta, porém progressiva, potencializando seu efeito com a continuidade das aplicações. Isto pode ser devido ao modo de aplicação, que por ser fumigação, alcança todos os pontos da sala, já que as mesmas não possuem uniformidade em umidade relativa e temperatura. Com PHPS, as colônias formadas eram mais superficiais, de fácil remoção, o que tornou possível dispensar a operação de lavagem em 20% das peças testadas e quando foi combinado uso com a natamicina esse valor subiu para 44,66% das peças. Usando a natamicina, 53,28% das peças dispensaram a lavagem, porém as colônias causaram danos aos envoltórios.The study has its purpose the control of proliferation of fungi in the maturation chambers of Milano type salami using two methods: Immersion in the wrap with application of natamicyn and using parahidroxyfenilsalicylamid (PHPS) in the environment by fumigation, alone and in combination. The natamicyn showed visually greater efficiency and speed in reducing the number of colonies on the surface of the products. Using the PHPS it could better control the highly deleterious action for the wraps of the fungi. The PHPS showed slower but gradually action, increasing its effect with the continuity of applications. This may be due to the mode of application that can be spraying, reaches all points of the room, as they do not ave iniformity in relative humidity and temperature. With PHPS, the colonies were formed more superficial, easily removed, which made it possible to dispense the washing operation in 20% of the tested pieces and when was combined with natamicyn, this value raised up to 44.66% of the pieces. Using natamicyn, 53.28% of the pieces have dispensed the washing; however the remaining colonies caused damage to the wraps

<title language="eng">Effects of different sources of protein on digestive characteristics, microbial efficiency, and nutrient flow in dairy goats

<abstract language="eng">Diets formulated with protein sources presenting different resistance to ruminal degradation were compared by evaluating ruminal parameters, production and microbial efficiency and nutrients flow to the omasum in goats. Eight rumen cannulated non-lactating, non-pregnant goats were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with two replicates. Treatments consisted of four diets where different sources of plant protein accounted for the major protein source named soybean meal, source of higher ruminal degradability, and three other sources of higher resistance of degradation: roasted soybean, corn gluten meal, and cottonseed cake. Amounts of rumen protein were similar among rations; however, flows of dry matter, protein and non-fiber carbohydrate to omasum were higher for diets with protein source with reduced rumen degradation rate. Higher values of rumen ammonia were obtained by using ration with soybean meal as major source of protein. Higher values of pH were obtained for rations with roasted soybean e cottonseed cake. Regarding kinetic of transit, similar values were found among rations. Diets with protein sources presenting reduced ruminal degradation increase nutrients flow to the omasum in goats and alter digestive parameters such as pH and ammonia without compromising bacteria growth and efficiency, which grants their use for dairy goats with similar efficiency to rations using more degradable sources of protein