Feminismo, nacionalismo, e a luta pelo significado do adé no Candomblé: ou, como Edison Carneiro e Ruth Landes inverteram o curso da história

Throughout the 1930's and 40's, Edison Carneiro, Arthur Ramos and Ruth Landes have met in candomble, and their dialogues- sometimes antagonistic, sometimes lovingly - changed this religion. Carneiro used Candomble as a symbol of the northeast; Ramos used it as symbol of Brazil; and Landes, as a symbol of international feminism. The debate on the meaning of Candomble was not merely academic, and it established a new gender pattern in Bahian temples leadership. Opposing to conventional history, Candomble - a religion that gave equal space for male and female priests in the 1930's - became for the first time in the decades following the meeting between Ramos, Carneiro and Landes a matriarchate. In terms of theoretical and transcultural matters, this case shows that imagining communities - including nation-state - is a transnational process. National identity results not only from the interaction between groups of nations, but also from the dispute between overlapping communities on the authority of defining certain shared symbols - as the ade priest, the homosexual. This interaction can change human lives as well as the course of history.Durante os anos de 1930 e 1940, Edison Carneiro, Arthur Ramos e Ruth Landes se encontraram no Candomblé, e por meio do seu diálogo - às vezes antagônico, às vezes amoroso -, transformaram essa religião. Carneiro empregou o Candomblé como um símbolo do Nordeste, Ramos o empregou como um símbolo do Brasil, e Landes, como um símbolo do feminismo internacional. O debate sobre o significado do Candomblé não foi meramente acadêmico, mas estabeleceu um novo padrão de gênero na liderança dos templos da Bahia. Ao contrário da história convencional, o Candomblé, uma religião que dava espaço igual a sacerdotes masculinos e femininos nos anos de 1930, se transformou, pela primeira vez nas décadas depois do encontro de Ramos, Carneiro e Landes, num matriarcado. No plano teórico e transcultural, este caso mostra que a imaginação das comunidades - inclusive a do Estado-nação - é um processo transnacional. A identidade nacional resulta não apenas da interação entre famílias de nações, mas também da luta entre comunidades superpostas pela autoridade de definir certos símbolos compartilhados - como o sacerdote adé, o homossexual. Esta interação pode mudar as vidas humanas e mesmo o curso da história

British ‘Colonial governmentality’: slave, forced and waged worker policies in colonial Nigeria, 1896–1930

“This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Management & Organizational History on 22 Apr 2019, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2019.1578669

Candomblé and the Academic's Tools : Religious Expertise and the Binds of Recognition in Brazil

ABSTRACT Latin American state efforts to recognize ethnically and racially marked populations have focused on knowledge and expertise. This article argues that this form of state recognition does not only call on subaltern groups to present themselves in a frame of expertise. It also pushes such groups to position themselves and their social and political struggles in a matrix based on expertise and knowledge. In the context of early 2000s Brazil, the drive to recognition led activists from the Afro-Brazilian religion Candomblé to reimagine the religion's practitioners? long-term engagements with scholars and scholarly depictions of the religion as a form of epistemological exploitation that had resulted in public misrecognition of the true source of knowledge on the religion: Candomblé practitioners. To remedy this situation, the activists called on Candomblé practitioners to appropriate the ?academic's tools,? the modes of representation by which scholarly expertise and knowledge were performed and recognized by the general public and state officials. This strategy transformed religious structures of expertise and knowledge in ways that established a new, politically efficacious epistemological grounding for Candomblé practitioners? calls for recognition. But it also further marginalized temples with limited connections or access to scholars and higher education. [politics of recognition, politics of expertise, state recognition, Candomblé religion, Brazil]Peer reviewe

Orwellian Uses of Free Speech

In recent debates at Harvard University, the discourse of "free speech" has been used to silence civil debate about Israel and its policies