347 research outputs found

    Universidades indígenas de América Latina: logros, problemas y desafíos

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    Este texto incluye algunos fragmentos del artículo “Movimiento Indígena, Educación Superior e Interculturalidad con Equidad”, publicado en Nueva Sociedad nº 227En este artículo se analizan las experiencias de cinco universidades y un centro de formación superior creados directamente por organizaciones y/o intelectuales indígenas en cinco países de América Latina y una de carácter regional. Describe sus características más salientes, sus principales logros, y los problemas y desafíos que actualmente enfrentan. Adicionalmente, examina brevemente algunos factores significativos del contexto histórico y social que permiten apreciar más cabalmente estas experiencias. Asimismo, las sitúa respecto de otras iniciativas de educación superior para pueblos indígenas que han sido impulsadas por universidades “convencionales” y agencias estatales.This article presents an analysis of the experiences of five universities and one center for higher education directly created by indigenous peoples´ organizations and/or intellectuals in five Latin American countries and one of regional scale. It describes their most salient features, achievements, and the problems and challenges they currently face. Additionally, it briefly discusses some contextually significant historical and social factors that contribute to a better understanding of these experiences. It also briefly place these cases in relation to other initiatives of higher education for indigenous peoples that have been developed by some “conventional” universities and State agencies

    Transnational networking and the social production of representations of identities by indigenous peoples' organizations of Latin America

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    eng: This article discusses how some current transnational relations between global agents and indigenous peoples' organizations in Latin America impress the representations of identities and associated ideas of these organizations in combination with being useful in the achievement of these organizations' goals for their peoples. Such a discussion serves two main purposes: (1) to contribute to the development of a theory of social change in the current age of globalization through criticizing, the established scholarly practice of studying 'local' cases as if they actually exist, or as if they may at least be detached from the world orders in which they take part without any significant consequence; and (2) to criticize the colonial legacy of area studies, anthropology and other academic disciplines of studying 'the Other' - very often indigenous peoples - which, independently of researchers' intentions, contribute to informing agents of the colonial or post-colonial powers and trying instead to produce knowledge that is potentially useful to 'local' agents about 'global' agents, their practices and the impact they may have on 'local' agents' practices. A few illustrative examples taken from the author's field and documentary research about some current experiences in Latin America are used to show how transnational networks of 'local' grassroots organizations and diverse kinds of 'local' intermediary non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and 'global agents' (i.e. international agencies, bilateral cooperation agencies, the multilateral banks, transnational foundations, as well as transnational social movements and NGOs) play significant roles in the social making of representations of indigenous peoples' identities and associated ideas.spa: En este artículo se discute cómo algunas relaciones transnacionales actuales entre agentes globales y organizaciones de pueblos indígenas en América Latina imprimen las representaciones de las identidades y las ideas asociadas de estas organizaciones en combinación con ser útiles en el logro de los objetivos de estas organizaciones para sus pueblos. Esta discusión tiene dos propósitos principales: (1) contribuir al desarrollo de una teoría del cambio social en la actual era de la globalización a través de la crítica a la práctica académica establecida de estudiar los casos "locales" como si realmente existieran, o como si al menos pudieran desprenderse de los órdenes mundiales en los que participan sin ninguna consecuencia significativa; y (2) criticar el legado colonial de los estudios de área, la antropología y otras disciplinas académicas de estudiar al "Otro" -muy a menudo los pueblos indígenas- que, independientemente de las intenciones de los investigadores, contribuyen a informar a los agentes de las potencias coloniales o poscoloniales e intentan, en cambio, producir conocimientos potencialmente útiles para los agentes "locales" sobre los agentes "globales", sus prácticas y el impacto que pueden tener en las prácticas de los agentes "locales". Se utilizan algunos ejemplos ilustrativos tomados de la investigación de campo y documental del autor sobre algunas experiencias actuales en América Latina para mostrar cómo las redes transnacionales de organizaciones de base "locales" y los diversos tipos de organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) intermediarias "locales" y los "agentes globales" (es decir, las agencias internacionales, las agencias de cooperación bilateral, los bancos multilaterales, las fundaciones transnacionales, así como los movimientos sociales transnacionales y las ONG) desempeñan papeles significativos en la elaboración social de las representaciones de las identidades de los pueblos indígenas y las ideas asociadas

    No "Estudiar el Subalterno", sino estudiar con grupos sociales "subalternos", o, al menos, estudiar articulaciones hegemónicas de poder

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    Este artículo ofrece una crítica argumentada a la orientación a Estudiar al Otro, propia de algunas tradiciones de la investigación social (en Antropología y otras disciplinas). Se argumenta que ésta está marcada por el legado colonial y en el caso particular que da lugar a este artículo también al de los Estudios de Área propios de la investigación en Antropología y otras Ciencias Sociales en los Estados Unidos y algunos países europeos. El artículo toma como punto de partida la Declaración de Principios del Grupo de Estudios Subalternos de América Latina (1993), el cual para entonces nucleaba a investigadores de varias universidades estadounidenses. Centra la crítica en la idea de "estudiar al subalterno", a la que contrapone la de "estudiar con grupos sociales subalternos". Aduce que, independientemente de la orientación fundamental del grupo, dichos legados han contribuido a un mantenimiento acrítico de la tradición de los "Estudios de Área". La crítica ofrecida descansa no solo en argumentos teóricos, sino también en testimonios obtenidos por el autor a través de investigación documental y de campo.Fil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Central de Venezuela; Venezuel

    Povos Indígenas, Estados e Ensino Superior na América Latina: Modalidades de colaboração, conquistas, problemas, desafios e conflitos

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    Este texto ofrece un panorama general de las diversas modalidades de colaboración entre pueblos indígenas y universidades y otros tipos de instituciones de Educación Superior actualmente en curso en América Latina, así como de las iniciativas propias y autónomas de algunas organizaciones indígenas en este campo. Adicionalmente, señala sus principales logros, problemas, desafíos, y conflictos, los cuales generalmente se plantean con los Estados, a través de sus organismos del área de educación.Este texto fornece uma visão geral das várias formas de colaboração entre os povos indígenas, universidades e outras instituições de ensino superior em curso na América Latina, bem como iniciativas próprias e independentes de algumas organizações indígenas neste domínio. Além disso, assinala suas principais realizações, problemas, desafi os e confl itos, que geralmente surgem com os Estados, por meio de suas agências na área de educação.Fil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; Argentin

    Fighting racism in monocultural university systems and institutions in Latin America

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    El racismo, como ideología fundante y régimen de poder constitutivo del Mundo Moderno, es una causa crucial de las desigualdades generalizadas en todas las sociedades latinoamericanas. Al igual que ocurre con otros campos sociales, el racismo marca intrínsecamente las políticas, sistemas e instituciones monoculturales de Educación Superior hegemónicas. Erradicar el racismo en los sistemas e instituciones universitarias exige transformar todo el campo para hacerlo completamente intercultural, una misión ambiciosa y de largo aliento que actualmente involucra las prácticas de numerosos y muy diversos agentes sociales. Mientras tanto, algunos de estos agentes y también otros con agendas menos transformadoras han ido implementando medidas concretas para contener o combatir el racismo en los sistemas e instituciones universitarias monoculturales. Este artículo examina diversas iniciativas que buscan contener o combatir el racismo en la Educación Superior monocultural en algunos países de América Latina. Algunas de estas iniciativas han implementado "acciones afirmativas" y otros programas para asegurar el acceso y provechosas trayectorias de los estudiantes afrodescendientes e indígenas en las universidades monoculturales. Otras han puesto en marcha programas que articulan el objetivo de fortalecer las experiencias educativas de estos dos grupos de estudiantes con actividades que buscan interculturalizar las universidades monoculturales. El artículo muestra que si bien la mayoría de estas modalidades de acción han logrado valiosos avances, también confrontan tensiones y desafíos similares. Estos problemas constituyen puntos centrales en el trabajo de algunas redes regionales que integran a actores de estas iniciativas con otros que participan en otras formas de lucha contra el racismo en la educación superior, como las que se desarrollan en/desde las universidades interculturales y afrodescendientes e indígenas.Racism, as both the founding ideology and regime of power constitutive of the Modern World, is a crucial cause of pervasive inequalities in all Latin American societies. As it happens to other social fields, racism intrinsically marks hegemonic monocultural Higher Education policies, systems, and institutions. Eradicating racism in university systems and institutions demands transforming the whole field to make it completely intercultural, an ambitious and long-run mission that currently involves the practices of numerous and highly diverse social agents. Meanwhile, some of these agents and also others with less transformative agendas have been implementing concrete measures to contain or fight racism in monocultural university systems and institutions. This article discusses diverse initiatives that seek to contain or fight racism in monocultural Higher Education in some Latin American countries. Some of these initiatives have implemented “affirmative action” and other programs to ensure access and fruitful trajectories for Afro-descendant and indigenous people students in monocultural universities. Others have set up programs that articulate the goal of strengthening the educational experiences of these two groups of students with activities that seek interculturalizing monocultural universities. The article shows that although most of these modalities of action have achieved valuable advances, they also confront similar tensions and challenges. These issues are focal points in the work of some regional networks that integrate agents from these initiatives with others participating in other forms of fighting racism in higher education, such as those developed in/from intercultural and Afrodecendant´s and indigenous peoples´ universitiesFil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Avanzados; Argentin

    Forms of intercultural collaboration between institutions of higher education and indigenous and afro-descendant peoples in Latin America

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    This article offers an overview of the main forms of intercultural collaboration between institutions of higher education (IHE) and organizations or communities of indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples in Latin America. This overview is based on research done by the Project on Cultural Diversity, Interculturality and Higher Education (the Project) of the UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean, which I have the responsibility of coordinating. Since 2007, the Project has studied some 40 specific experiences oriented to respond to the needs, demands and proposals of communities and/or organizations of indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples, and this has been complemented by the analysis of partial information on some 80 other initiatives.1 The forms of collaboration are context-specific, and therefore varied, including diverse kinds of programs for the inclusion of individuals of those peoples in ‘conventional’ universities, specific curricular programs created by ‘conventional’ IHE, partnerships between IHE and those kinds of organizations, as well as innovative models of IHE created either by those kinds of organizations, state agencies, or the Indigenous Peoples Fund, a peculiar multilateral organization.Fil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    Socio-Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication in Social Participation Experiences

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    This article discusses the main theoretical and methodological aspects of the intercultural communication analytical perspective that I have developed to respond to specific research needs. This perspective is based on the idea that institutional and collective social actors are heterogeneous entities because they comprise a variety of internal parties, as I have been able to observe in my field research experience. Intercultural communication involves, therefore, multidimensional exchanges between heterogeneous agents that build meaning and struggle over it within their own group as well as with the other social agents. Meaning is something that is negotiated, transformed, appropriated, and can often be a subject of dispute. For that reason, the study of intercultural communication should center on social processes, not just verbal utterances. Close examination of social practices and relations enable us to understand how differences are articulated and how meaning is transformed.Fil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    Socio-Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication in Social Participation Experiences

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    This article discusses the main theoretical and methodological aspects of the intercultural communication analytical perspective that I have developed to respond to specific research needs. This perspective is based on the idea that institutional and collective social actors are heterogeneous entities because they comprise a variety of internal parties, as I have been able to observe in my field research experience. Intercultural communication involves, therefore, multidimensional exchanges between heterogeneous agents that build meaning and struggle over it within their own group as well as with the other social agents. Meaning is something that is negotiated, transformed, appropriated, and can often be a subject of dispute. For that reason, the study of intercultural communication should center on social processes, not just verbal utterances. Close examination of social practices and relations enable us to understand how differences are articulated and how meaning is transformed.Fil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    There is no 'universal' knowledge, intercultural collaboration is indispensable

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    Within some significant circles, where hegemonic representations of the idea of 'science' are produced, certain orientations of scientific research are carried out, and science and higher education policies are made and applied, references to the alleged existence of two kinds of knowledge, one of which would have 'universal' validity, and 'the other' (in fact the several others) would not, are frequent and do have crucial effects over our academic work. Although some outstanding authors within the very Western tradition have criticized from varied perspectives such universalist ambitions/assumptions, and although many colleagues have reached convergent conclusions from diverse kinds of practices and experiences, such hegemonic representations of the idea of science are still current. The acknowledgment of this situation calls for a deep debate. This article responds to such a purpose by attempting to integrate into the debate a reflection on the shortcomings of hegemonic academic knowledge to understand social processes profoundly marked by cultural differences, historical conflicts and inequalities, as well as significant perspectives formulated by some outstanding intellectuals who self-identify as indigenous, and the experiences of some indigenous intercultural universities from several Latin American countries.Fil: Mato, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; Argentin

    Los “Estudios de Cultura” pueden y deben salir del ghetto

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    Este texto discute acerca del mayor desafío de los llamados Estudios de Cultura en la actualidad que es salir del gheto auto-limitante en que frecuentemente muchos de ellos quedan atrapados. La argumentación apunta algunas de las oportunidades que se abren al salir de tal ghetto, tomando como ejemplos los casos de las llamadas “industrias culturales” y del llamado “consumo cultural”. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Cultura; Estudios de Cultura; Industrias Culturales; Consumo Cultural Este texto discute o maior desafio dos chamados Estudos de Cultura na atualidade que é sair do gueto autolimitante no qual, freqüentemente, muitos deles estão envolvidos. A argumentação aponta para algumas oportunidades que se abrem ao se sair de tal gueto, tomando como exemplos os casos das chamadas “indústrias culturais” e do chamado “consumo cultural”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura; Estudos Culturais; Indústrias Culturais; Consumo Cultural. This article discusses the greatest challenge of the nowadays ‘Culture Studies’, which is getting out of the self-limiting ghetto where, frequently, lots of theses studies are developed. The argumentation points to some opportunities that are opened, once out of the ghetto, taking as examples the “cultural industries” and “cultural consumerism” cases. KEYWORDS: Culture; Cultural Studies; Cultural Industries; Cultural Consumerism
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